HIST 221 Lecture Notes - Lecture 19: Second New Deal, New Deal, Jane Addams
19 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Feedback and Writing Tips
Thesis
Get right to it
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Sophistication matters
Jane Addams and Andrew Carnegie had different ideas
about capitalism and national progress. Their ideas
were both important to the Progressive Era
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While AC framed income inequality as a natural and
essential component of national progress, JA argued
that…this difference influenced the types of reforms
that they advocated
§
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Analyze rather than summarize
Be more specific about why what I'm saying matters is
important
§
Contextualize the document in the past - and why they
are saying what they are saying and the context and
why it makes it significant
§
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Economic rights (next reading analysis)
Relate people to a mechanism of change/actor creating
change
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Areas of Reform
First 100 days
Economic relief
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Agricultural reform
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Industrial reform
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National infrastructure
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Banking
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First New Deal and Second New Deal
Labour relations
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Social welfare
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Indian Emergency Conservation Program (IECP) - CCC for
Indigenous nations
Employed 80,000 Indigenous people
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Indian Reorganization Act (Indian New Deal)
Ended era of Dawes Act allotment policy
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Recognition of tribal constitutions (impetus to create
constitutions)
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Ability to incorporate for business purposes
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Some federal grants for schools, land purchases, hospitals
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Repealed prohibitions on some customs and cultural
practices
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Worked better for some groups that others (Navajo, Yakama
refused)
Not something every single tribal nation wants 181
tribes vote to join the reorganization act, but 77 reject
it
§
Refused to be part of the act because they had
previous nation to nation treaties with the US
government that this treaty would erode
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Mark of watershed moment of relationship between
US government and Indigenous nations
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Banks: Glass-Steagall Banking Act
Created federal deposit insurance corporation (FDIC)
Money people puts in banks is ensured by the federal
government
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Meant to restore confidence
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Prohibit commercial banks from investment business
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Federal banking reform, biggest intervention of federal
government in banking system up to this time period
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Prohibit bank sales of securities (except US Treasury)
Allows federal government to make profit
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Gave federal reserve system tighter regulation of banks
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Goal of restoring confidence in US banking system
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Says in the US until the Quentin administration undoes it
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Fireside Chats
Made people think that they were included in the conversation
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"It was like the President was in your living room"
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Intrusive propaganda by the government through private
corporations (NBC, CBC)
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Fireside chats were effective and soothing for passing on
information for some people
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For other people it was seen of government expansion and
intrusion beyond their proper role
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Central Question
What role should the government play in regulating the economy?
What was constitutional for the government to do?
What about states/federal government
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How much executive power did the constitution
allocate for regulating the economy
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The things that FDR did are deemed unconstitutional
by the supreme court
In 1935=36 the Supreme Court struck down on 3
New Deal programs including the National
Recovery Act and Agricultural Adjustment Act
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To what extent did democracy, usually couched in political terms,
require greater economic equality?
Thought it was the president's role to promote democracy
but not intervene in the economy
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To what extent did relations between labourers and employers
need to change?
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Who would be included (and how) in government programs? In
ideas about American identity?
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Competing Visions and Narratives
Unionists, socialists, populists and radicals
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New Dealers
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Industrialists and Business (business men)
Criticized the New Deal and argued that it was the opposite
of the American way and that it was unconstitutional
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Industrial Unionists and Socialists
Growth in union participation had slowed in the 1920s
Trend reversed in the Depression
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Industrial Unionism was not just a type of unionism - it was a vision
of social reconstruction around a more worker-led vision of the
economy
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1933 Continental Congress for Economic Restructuring
Socialist leaders gathered over 4,000 unemployed workers
and farmers
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Organized committees of correspondence and declared
independence from a system that had enthroned economic
and financial kings…more powerful, more irresponsible, and
more dangerous to human rights than political kings whom
the fathers overthrew
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Socialism is constantly deemed un-American and this is a push
back against this rhetoric
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Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)
CIO splintered off from AFL
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Blamed economic kingpins for excess of 1920s and subsequent
crash
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Argued government regulation wasn't enough to ensure fair
working conditions
Need: union rights and collective bargaining agreements
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Framed unions as right and new liberty comparable to those in the
Bill of Rights
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Emphasis on First Amendment guarantees of free speech and right
to protest
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Emphasis on racial and ethnic solidarity, part among men
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US Communist Party
Communism is twentieth century Americanism campaign
1938: 80,000 members
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Popular front strategy advocated alliances with other
organizations…hence larger participation of CP members in CIO
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Cooperated with Trotskyites, WWI
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Organized sharecroppers, led agricultural strikes, defended civil
rights
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Lecture 19 - Which American Way? Part I
Monday, February 19, 2018
9:39 AM
Document Summary
Jane addams and andrew carnegie had different ideas about capitalism and national progress. Their ideas were both important to the progressive era. While ac framed income inequality as a natural and essential component of national progress, ja argued that this difference influenced the types of reforms that they advocated. Be more specific about why what i"m saying matters is important. Contextualize the document in the past - and why they are saying what they are saying and the context and why it makes it significant. Relate people to a mechanism of change/actor creating change. Indian emergency conservation program (iecp) - ccc for. Recognition of tribal constitutions (impetus to create constitutions) Some federal grants for schools, land purchases, hospitals. Repealed prohibitions on some customs and cultural practices. Worked better for some groups that others (navajo, yakama refused) Not something every single tribal nation wants 181 tribes vote to join the reorganization act, but 77 reject it.
