HIST 221 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: International Parliament, Free Trade, Industrial Workers Of The World
19 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Shaping the Peacetime World
The French people gave Wilson the name Wilson le juste
-
Peace negotiations
Paris peace conference, Jan 1919
-
Wilson sought to translate 14 points into reformed international landscape
and governing system
"Free trade"
○
Disarmament and mediation
○
"Self-determination" for SOME previously subjugated peoples
○
League of Nations
○
Role for US
○
-
Treaty of Versailles
Some new nations (Czechoslovakia, Lithuania)
○
Former colonies transferred rather than "freed": Africa, Mideast, Asia
○
No disarmament
○
"War guilt" for Germany - $33 billion
○
-
League of Nations
Win for Wilson at Peace Conference: support for League of Nations,
cornerstone of Wilson's "New World Order"
International parliament and court
○
Establish rules for international behaviour
○
Mediate international conflicts
○
Powers to punish aggressors with economic sanctions/military actions
This means that governing bodies outside of US congress can
compel an army to mediate an international conflict that doesn't
have to do with itself
§
Discourse that Wilson is an idealist who has ideas that will get
embroiled in a lot of conflicts
§
○
-
Opposition to the League of Nations
Isolationists - people who don’t want the US expanding into other country's
business
-
Prominent Progressive anti-imperialists
Robert Lafollette, Hiram Johnson - argued that wars for imperialism
hurt the common people
○
-
Opponents to "new world order" - largely republican
Henry Cabot Lodge - Did the League of Nations violate US constitution
which gave Congress power to declare war, not the president?
○
Might the US be forced to act against its own interest?
○
-
To the Public
Wilson attempted to bypass obstructionists Senate with big tours of the US
8,000 mile tour of the US by railroad and gives speeches to people to
tell them to support the League of Nations
○
-
He has a stroke in October and for the rest of his presidency he refused to
compromise with Senate Republicans
-
The League of Nations was defeated in the US
-
Legacies of WWI and Wilson's Attempted New World Order
US as world's leading economy
World creditor - means it is loaning money to more places in the world
than any other country
○
-
US as important power on world stage
-
Growth of state, but also return of deep suspicion of centralized government
power in the US
-
Long-standing suspicion in US toward "international entanglements" and
policy of relative political isolationism (from Europe) for the next two
decades and tradition of unilateralism
-
Rhetoric of "free trade" and "protecting democracy" used as justifications
for military and economic interventions
Especially in Latin America
○
-
Rhetoric of "freedom" and "Self-determination" used by increasingly diverse
groups
Anti-colonial nationalists abroad, including America's own empire
○
African Americans, women, labourers in the US
○
-
Spring of 1919 witnessed various anti-colonial revolts whose leaders took
Wilson's rhetoric and used it to articulate their own definitions of self-
determination and find new allies: Egypt, India, Ireland, China
Mass protests in these countries that use Wilsonian rhetoric
○
-
Asymmetric and radicalized conception of "self-determination" and
"democratic world order" caused deep disillusionment outside of West that
remained invisible to many Americans
-
Happens within the US empire as well
Caribbean and Central America
Puerto Rico (colony)
§
Virgin Islands (possession)
§
Cuba and Panama Canal Zone (protectorates)
§
Economic dependency: Nicaragua, DR, Haiti
Controlled loans □
Occupation in Dominican republic and Haiti □
In these cases, US government influences was scarcely
visible except to those being governed - no treaties
brought before congress, no executive agreements, and
little public controversy"
□
§
Delegates fro Haiti and Dominican Republic go to Paris and
speak to Wilson there
§
○
-
Independence movements in Puerto Rico and the Philippines
They aren't successful, but it makes the population become
increasingly anti-American
○
-
Continuance of Indigenous Sovereignty
Some members of Iroquois Confederacy declare war on Germany
Onondaga and Oneida nations
○
This was a way of declaring sovereignty
○
-
Contests over draft regulations required for those with allotments
Creek Draft Rebellion of 1919
Ellen Perryman (Muskogee Creek)
§
○
-
Some calls for US citizenship
As additional citizenship/protection of treaty rights and claims
○
A lot of people wanted citizenship in order to have more rights
○
-
Women's Citizenship
19th Amendment - Women's suffrage
Result of tireless campaigning, "single issue approach"
○
-
What about the Equal Rights Amendment?
Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the
United States or by any State on account of sex
○
First proposed by Feminist Alliance in 1914
○
Very controversial among feminist activists
○
Has never passed the Equal Rights Amendment - gets shut down
because women argue that it will take off protections off of women
and child labour workers
Think that they will be taken advantage of more in the labour
market
§
○
-
Labour Strife
Period of tumultuous labour relations
-
War sparked foundation of National War Labour Board - recognized unions
and arbitrated
-
Post WWI worried about income inequality
-
In 1919, 4 million workers (20% manufacturing workforce) went on strike
Huge general strikes across manufacturing sectors (Seattle, 60,000
workers; NYC 50,000 garment workers)
○
Boston policemen strike (MA governor Calvin Coolidge called in
National Guard and fired entire force)
○
1919 Steelworkers strike
○
-
Turned into Race Riots
-
Red Scare
Influence of domestic and world affairs
Russian Revolution
○
Labour strikes
○
Radical left-wing violence (bombing of Wall Street)
○
-
Red Scare - public citizens and government officials sought to repress this
dissent
-
Use of some government agencies and laws passed during the war
Espionage and sedition act used for acts of speech
○
-
New Year's 1920: Palmer Raids, 33 cities, 4,000 arrests, 600 non-citizens
deported
Raids the offices of the IWW and other trade unions
○
People are charged with conspiring against the US because of their
activism in labour policies
○
-
Sacco and Vanzetti Case
Italian immigrants with radical politics
-
Convicted 1921 of robbery and armed murder
-
Reminded some of Haymarket
-
Declared guilty and they are executed in 1927
-
Become figures who are figures on the world stage about imperious
American power being used against labour workers, etc.
-
Lecture 14 -Inclusions and Exclusions
Friday, February 2, 2018
9:34 AM
Shaping the Peacetime World
The French people gave Wilson the name Wilson le juste
-
Peace negotiations
Paris peace conference, Jan 1919
-
Wilson sought to translate 14 points into reformed international landscape
and governing system
"Free trade"
○
Disarmament and mediation
○
"Self-determination" for SOME previously subjugated peoples
○
League of Nations
○
Role for US
○
-
Treaty of Versailles
Some new nations (Czechoslovakia, Lithuania)
○
Former colonies transferred rather than "freed": Africa, Mideast, Asia
○
No disarmament
○
"War guilt" for Germany - $33 billion
○
-
League of Nations
Win for Wilson at Peace Conference: support for League of Nations,
cornerstone of Wilson's "New World Order"
International parliament and court
○
Establish rules for international behaviour
○
Mediate international conflicts
○
Powers to punish aggressors with economic sanctions/military actions
This means that governing bodies outside of US congress can
compel an army to mediate an international conflict that doesn't
have to do with itself
§
Discourse that Wilson is an idealist who has ideas that will get
embroiled in a lot of conflicts
§
○
-
Opposition to the League of Nations
Isolationists - people who don’t want the US expanding into other country's
business
-
Prominent Progressive anti-imperialists
Robert Lafollette, Hiram Johnson - argued that wars for imperialism
hurt the common people
○
-
Opponents to "new world order" - largely republican
Henry Cabot Lodge - Did the League of Nations violate US constitution
which gave Congress power to declare war, not the president?
○
Might the US be forced to act against its own interest?
○
-
To the Public
Wilson attempted to bypass obstructionists Senate with big tours of the US
8,000 mile tour of the US by railroad and gives speeches to people to
tell them to support the League of Nations
○
-
He has a stroke in October and for the rest of his presidency he refused to
compromise with Senate Republicans
-
The League of Nations was defeated in the US
-
Legacies of WWI and Wilson's Attempted New World Order
US as world's leading economy
World creditor - means it is loaning money to more places in the world
than any other country
○
-
US as important power on world stage
-
Growth of state, but also return of deep suspicion of centralized government
power in the US
-
Long-standing suspicion in US toward "international entanglements" and
policy of relative political isolationism (from Europe) for the next two
decades and tradition of unilateralism
-
Rhetoric of "free trade" and "protecting democracy" used as justifications
for military and economic interventions
Especially in Latin America
○
-
Rhetoric of "freedom" and "Self-determination" used by increasingly diverse
groups
Anti-colonial nationalists abroad, including America's own empire
○
African Americans, women, labourers in the US
○
-
Spring of 1919 witnessed various anti-colonial revolts whose leaders took
Wilson's rhetoric and used it to articulate their own definitions of self-
determination and find new allies: Egypt, India, Ireland, China
Mass protests in these countries that use Wilsonian rhetoric
○
-
Asymmetric and radicalized conception of "self-determination" and
"democratic world order" caused deep disillusionment outside of West that
remained invisible to many Americans
-
Happens within the US empire as well
Caribbean and Central America
Puerto Rico (colony)
§
Virgin Islands (possession)
§
Cuba and Panama Canal Zone (protectorates)
§
Economic dependency: Nicaragua, DR, Haiti
Controlled loans □
Occupation in Dominican republic and Haiti □
In these cases, US government influences was scarcely
visible except to those being governed - no treaties
brought before congress, no executive agreements, and
little public controversy"
□
§
Delegates fro Haiti and Dominican Republic go to Paris and
speak to Wilson there
§
○
-
Independence movements in Puerto Rico and the Philippines
They aren't successful, but it makes the population become
increasingly anti-American
○
-
Continuance of Indigenous Sovereignty
Some members of Iroquois Confederacy declare war on Germany
Onondaga and Oneida nations
○
This was a way of declaring sovereignty
○
-
Contests over draft regulations required for those with allotments
Creek Draft Rebellion of 1919
Ellen Perryman (Muskogee Creek)
§
○
-
Some calls for US citizenship
As additional citizenship/protection of treaty rights and claims
○
A lot of people wanted citizenship in order to have more rights
○
-
Women's Citizenship
19th Amendment - Women's suffrage
Result of tireless campaigning, "single issue approach"
○
-
What about the Equal Rights Amendment?
Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the
United States or by any State on account of sex
○
First proposed by Feminist Alliance in 1914
○
Very controversial among feminist activists
○
Has never passed the Equal Rights Amendment - gets shut down
because women argue that it will take off protections off of women
and child labour workers
Think that they will be taken advantage of more in the labour
market
§
○
-
Labour Strife
Period of tumultuous labour relations
-
War sparked foundation of National War Labour Board - recognized unions
and arbitrated
-
Post WWI worried about income inequality
-
In 1919, 4 million workers (20% manufacturing workforce) went on strike
Huge general strikes across manufacturing sectors (Seattle, 60,000
workers; NYC 50,000 garment workers)
○
Boston policemen strike (MA governor Calvin Coolidge called in
National Guard and fired entire force)
○
1919 Steelworkers strike
○
-
Turned into Race Riots
-
Red Scare
Influence of domestic and world affairs
Russian Revolution
○
Labour strikes
○
Radical left-wing violence (bombing of Wall Street)
○
-
Red Scare - public citizens and government officials sought to repress this
dissent
-
Use of some government agencies and laws passed during the war
Espionage and sedition act used for acts of speech
○
-
New Year's 1920: Palmer Raids, 33 cities, 4,000 arrests, 600 non-citizens
deported
Raids the offices of the IWW and other trade unions
○
People are charged with conspiring against the US because of their
activism in labour policies
○
-
Sacco and Vanzetti Case
Italian immigrants with radical politics
-
Convicted 1921 of robbery and armed murder
-
Reminded some of Haymarket
-
Declared guilty and they are executed in 1927
-
Become figures who are figures on the world stage about imperious
American power being used against labour workers, etc.
-
Lecture 14 -Inclusions and Exclusions
Friday, February 2, 2018 9:34 AM
