INDG 401 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Independent Clause, Dependent Clause, Semicolon
9 Jun 2018
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That VS Which
1. That introduces a restrictive clause: one that would change the meaning of the sentence!
Ex. Chairs that don’t have cushions are uncomfortable to sit on!
2. Note that a restrictive clause is still a dependent clause: it’s not a stand-alone sentence
but it still affects the meaning!
3. Which introduces a non-restrictive clause: one that does not change t he meaning of the
sentence!
Ex. The dog sat on the couch, which was green.!
4. Non-restrictive clauses are introduced by commas or parentheses!
Four types of sentences:
- Simple: one independent clause!
Ex. The dog sat on the couch.!
-Compound: multiple independent clauses!
Ex. The dog sat on the couch and the cat sat on the chair.!
-Complex: one independent and at least one dependent clause!
Ex. The dog sat on the couch, which was green.!
-Complex-Compound: multiple independent clauses and at least one dependent clause!
Ex. The dog sat on the couch, which was green, while, because it was softer, the cat seemed
to prefer the chair. !
Building subordinate clauses:!
•Connecting words:!
after, although, as, as if, because, before, even if, even though, if, if only, rather than, since,
that, though, unless, until, when, where, whereas, wherever, whether, which, while!
•Particles( present particles end in -ing/ past participles end in -ed or -en or are irregular)!
•Prepositions:!
about, above, across, after, against, along, among, around, as, behind, below, beneath, beside,
between, by, despite, down, during, except, for, from, in, inside, near, next to, of, off, on, out,
over, past, to, under, until, up, with !
Semi-colons:!
1. Semi-colons can be used to join two independent clauses/ sentences, creating a compound
sentence!
Ex. The building was very quiet; most of the staff had left for the night!
2. Semi-colons are used instead of a conjunction!
Ex. The building was very quiet but several staff members continued working on the seventh
floor.!
3. Common problems with semi-colons!
-Lack of independent clauses!
-Doubling up on conjunction and semi-colon!
Flow between sentences:!
• Some connecting words:!
Accordingly, after all, afterward, also, although, and, but, consequently, despite, earlier, even
though, for example, for instance, however, in conclusion, in contrast, in fact, in the meantime,
in the same way, indeed, just as... so, meanwhile, moreover, nevertheless, not only... but also,
now, on the contrary, on the other hand, on the whole, otherwise, regardless, shortly, similarly,
specifically, still, that is, then, therefore, though, thus, yet !
Elements of a good story: !
1. Protagonist!
Document Summary
That vs which: that introduces a restrictive clause: one that would change the meaning of the sentence. The dog sat on the couch, which was green: non-restrictive clauses are introduced by commas or parentheses. The dog sat on the couch and the cat sat on the chair. Complex: one independent and at least one dependent clause. The dog sat on the couch, which was green. Complex-compound: multiple independent clauses and at least one dependent clause. The dog sat on the couch, which was green, while, because it was softer, the cat seemed to prefer the chair. Semi-colons: semi-colons can be used to join two independent clauses/ sentences, creating a compound sentence. The building was very quiet; most of the sta had left for the night: semi-colons are used instead of a conjunction. The building was very quiet but several sta members continued working on the seventh.
