POLI 342 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Chrystia Freeland, Paradiplomacy, Concurrent Powers
11 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
POLI 342
03.21.2018
Watched CTV interview with Chrystia Freeland about
Canada contributing 6 helicopters and male and female
Canadians to UN efforts in Mali.
FEDERALISM
ROLE OF PROVINCES
PARADOX: In 1867, we decided to unite the provinces to
make Canada but had a very centralized government
•felt threat of US south of the border — having more
actors involved could have created stability but they did
not really allow this
•London had dominance in decision making until 1931;
Ottawa and the provinces were sent from decision
making in foreign policy
•changed with Statute of Westminster
Cold war years: provinces still kept away from foreign
policy decision making
•too dangerous; international relations devoted to
security and hard power, provinces kept focus on
domestic issues
Post Cold War (affirmations of powers/
competencies): divisibility of sovereignty, sharing of
power thanks to the way of the constitution. Three levels
of competencies emerge (according to constitution):
•exclusive competence of central government
•National defence & foreign affairs
•Fisheries
•Shipping and Railways
•powers assigned to non-central government
(provinces)
•education
•hospitals
•Direct taxes
•Marriage
•Civil Rights
•Concurrent powers: shared by both levels
•agriculture
•immigration
•environment
The issues under Central Government are more
complicated than it appears, because things like shipping
and fisheries are specific to provinces — there is overlap.
ACTORS LIKE PROVINCES WILL BE INVOLVED IN
FOREIGN POLICY STILL VIA PARADIPLOMACY.
Non-Central use of paradiplomacy
•instruments used to achieve symbolic and policy-
oriented objectives international activities conducted
alongside the diplomacy of the central government
•extra-jurisdictional activity targeting foreign political
entities
•pushing out interest beyond our borders by exploiting
the flexibility allowed by vagueness in constitution
of 1 3
Document Summary
Canada contributing 6 helicopters and male and female. Ottawa and the provinces were sent from decision making in foreign policy: changed with statute of westminster. Cold war years: provinces still kept away from foreign policy decision making: too dangerous; international relations devoted to security and hard power, provinces kept focus on domestic issues. Post cold war (af rmations of powers/ competencies): divisibility of sovereignty, sharing of power thanks to the way of the constitution. The issues under central government are more complicated than it appears, because things like shipping and sheries are speci c to provinces there is overlap. 3: aiming to in uence other subnational entities in other countries, examples outside canada: catalonia in spain is a federated actor within another state, american states. Paradiplomacy rests on understanding that diff levels of government hold diff levels of jurisdictional capacity: within these jurisdictions, actors can pass legislature; develop policies for education, environment, etc. develop its own economic growth.
