PSYC 100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 69: American Psychological Association, Vassar College, Margaret Floy Washburn
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PSYC 100 Full Course Notes
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Biological:+ how+ the+ physical+ body+ contributes+ to+ mind+ and+ behaviour,+ as+ in+ the+ neurochemical+ and+genetic+processes+occurring+in+the+body+and+brain. + Individual:+ differences+ on+ personality+ and+ in+ the+ mental+ processes+ that+ affect+ how+ people+ perceive+and+know+the+world+ Wundt+ (1879)+ established+ the+ 1st+ psychological+ laboratory+ and+ institute. + he+ measured+ reaction+ time+to+study+psychological+processes. +in+order+to+measure+conscious+experience+he+developed+ introspection:+a+systematic+examination+of+subjective+mental+experience+that+requires+people+to+ inspect+ and+ report+ the+ content+ of+ their+ thoughts. + the+ problem+ with+ this+ technique+ is+ that+ experience+is+subjective+and+was+abandoned+later+on. + Titchener+ used+ methods+ such+ as+ introspection+ to+ pioneer+ structuralism+ which+ is+ based+ on+ the+ idea+ that+ conscious+ experience+ can+ be+ studied+ when+ it+ is+ broken+ down+ in+ its+ underlying+ components. +he+believed+that+understanding+the+basic+element+of+consciousness+would+provide+ the+scientific+basis+for+understanding+the+mind. + Functionalists+stated+that+if+behaviour+serves+a+purpose,+that+purpose+is+ought+to+be+reflected+in+ daily+ human+ life. + the+ broad+ ranging+ subjects+ touched+ by+ this+ approached+ lead+ to+ criticism+ for+ lack+of+seriousness. ++ In+experimentation+they+relied+not+on+the+reports+of+trained+observers,+but+on+ordinary+people"s+ observations. + this+ unstructured+ approach+ was+ called+ the+ phenomenological+ approach+ that+ refers+ to+ the+ totality+ of+ subjective+ conscious+ experience. + this+ movements+ reflected+ that+ the+ perception+of+objects+is+subjective+and+dependant+on+context. +(take+an+image,+what+do+you+see)+ Mary+ calkins+ studied+ philosophy+ and+ classics+ at+ smith+ college+ and+ was+ invited+ to+ become+ a+ professor+ of+ philosophical+ psychology+ at+ wellesley+ college. + she+ studied+ with+ william+ james+ at+