PSYC 100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 54: Fear Conditioning, Implicit Memory, Morris Water Navigation Task
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Collins+and+loftus:+an+item"s+distinctive+features+are+linked+so+as+to+identify+the+item. +each+unit+of+ information+ in+ the+ network+ is+ a+ node+ and+ each+ node+ is+ connected+ to+ many+ other+ nodes. + Their+ organization+ is+ based+ on+ hierarchically+ structured+ categories,+ which+ provide+ a+ clear+ an+ explicit+blueprint+for+where+to+look+for+needed+information. + Retrieval+ cue:+ anything+ that+ helps+ the+ person+ sort+ through+ the+ data+ of+ the+ ltm+ to+ access+ the+ right+information. +they+explain+why+it+is+easier+to+recognize+than+to+recall+information+ When+ participants+ studied+ and+ were+ tested+ in+ the+ same+ room,+ they+ remembered+ better+ than+ those+who+studied+in+one+room+and+were+tested+in+another. +this+is+known+as+context+dependent+ memory,+which+can+be+based+on+things+like+physical+location,+odour+or+background+music. ++ Internal+ mood+ states+ or+ inebriation+ can+ facilitate+ the+ recovery+ of+ information+ from+ ltm. + Lashley+ (engram)+ spent+ much+ of+ his+ time+ trying+ to+ localize+ memory. + he+ trained+ mice+ to+ run+ a+ maze,+and+then+removed+different+parts+of+their+cortices. +he+found+out+that+the+size+of+the+area+ removed+rather+than+its+location+was+most+important+in+predicting+retention. +he+concluded+that+ memory+ was+ distributed+ throughout+ the+ brain+ rather+ than+ in+ one+ localised+ region+ (equipotentiality). +he+didn"t+examine+subcortical+regions. ++ Consolidation:+ a+ hypothetical+ process+ involving+ the+ transfer+ of+ contents+ from+ immediate+ memory+into+ltm. ++ Researchers+ found+ evidence+ for+ such+ a+ process+ by+ giving+ a+ drug+ that+ interferes+ with+ memory+ storage+after+a+memory+has+been+activated:+when+memories+for+past+events+are+retrieved,+they+ can+ be+ affected+ by+ new+ circumstances,+ so+ that+ the+ newly+ reconsolidated+ memories+ may+ differ+ from+their+original+version. +this+reconsolidation+process+occurs+every+time+we+retrieve+a+memory+ and+put+it+back+in+storage. ++