PSYC 100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 52: Behaviorism, Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Positron Emission Tomography
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PSYC 100 Full Course Notes
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Includes+ surveys,+ interviews,+ questionnaires,+ and+ other+ selfgreports. + a+ critical+ issue+ in+ asking+ researchgbased+questions+is+how+to+frame+the+questions,+there+are+several+options. +opengended+ questions:+ allow+ respondents+ to+ provide+ any+ answer+ they+ think+ of+ and+ to+ answer+ in+ as+ much+ detail+as+they+feel+appropriate. +closegended+questions:+the+respondents+must+select+among+fixed+ options. + Self+ report+ methods:+ method+ in+ which+ people+ are+ asked+ to+ provide+ information+ about+ themselves,+such+as+questionnaires+or+surveys. + Scientifics+ can+ be+ more+ comfortable+ with+ their+ findings+ when+ they+ use+ different+ types+ of+ methods,+because+we+can+get+different+results+when+we+use+different+methods. ++ Response( performance:+ a+ method+ in+ which+ researchers+ quantify+ perceptual+ or+ cognitive+ processes+in+response+to+a+specific+stimulus. +researchers++measure+reaction(time+(based+on+the+ fact+that+the+brain+takes+time+to+process+information;+the+more+processing+a+stimulus+requires,+ the+longer+the+reaction+time),+response(accuracy+can+also+be+measured,++response+performance+ by+ asking+ people+ to+ make+ stimulus( judgments+ regarding+ different+ stimuli+ with+ which+ they+ are+ presented. +advantages:+relatively+simple+way+to+study+cognition+and+perception,+less+affected+by+ observer+bias+or+subject+reactivity. +disadvantages:+can+be+costly+and+time+consuming,+less+likely+ to+be+useful+in+realgworld+settings. ++ Psychophysiological( assessment:+ researchers+ examine+ how+ bodily+ functions+ change+ in+ associations+with+behaviours+or+mental+states. +(polygraph:+lie+detector)+ Electrophysiology:+ data+ collection+ method+ that+ measures+ electrical+ activity+ in+ the+ brain. + Brain+imaging:+a+range+of+experimental+techniques+that+make+brain+structures+and+brain+activity+ (blood+ flow)+ visible. + (+ brain"s+ electrical+ activity+ is+ associated+ with+ changes+ in+ the+ blood+ flow+ carrying+oxygen++and+nutrients+to+the+active+brain+regions)+ Positron+ emission+ tomography+ (pet):+ computer+ aided+ reconstruction+ of+ the+ brain"s+ metabolic+ activity+by+using+a+radioactive+substance+injected+into+the+bloodstream+that+enables+to+find+the+ brain+areas+that+are+using+glucose. +correlation+between+two+relatively+similar+tasks,+because+the+ brain+is+extremely+active. +