PSYC 100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 39: Lateral Inhibition, Thalamus, Visual Cortex
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These+hair+cells+are+the+primary+auditory+receptors. +thus+the+mechanical+signal+of+a+sound+wave+ hitting+ the+ eardrum+ is+ converted+ into+ a+ neural+ signal+ that+ travels+ to+ the+ brain+ via+ the+ auditory+ nerve. + Locating+sounds:+the+sensory+receptors+don"t+code+where+the+events+occur. +the+brain+integrates+ the+different+information+coming+from+the+ears. +understanding+comes+from+the+observation+of+ barn+ owl+ which+ locates+ an+ object+ using+ 2+ cues:+ the+ time+ the+ sound+ arrives+ in+ each+ ear+ and+ the+ sound"s+intensity+in+each+ear. +we+use+a+similar+process. ++ Light+ 1st+ passes+ though+ the+ cornea+ (the+ clear+ outer+ covering+ of+ the+ eye). + the+ cornea+ focuses+ incoming+light+in+a+process+called+refraction. +lights+rays+then+enter+and+are+bent+farther+inward+ by+the+lens,+which+focuses+the+light+to+form+a+single+image+on+the+retina,+the+inner+surface+of+the+ back+of+the+eyeball. +although+more+refraction+occurs+at+the+cornea+than+at+the+lens,+the+lens+is+ adjustable+whereas+the+cornea+is+not. ++ The+ pupil+ is+ a+ small+ opening+ in+ front+ of+ the+ lens+ that+ determines+ how+ much+ light+ can+ enter+ by+ dilating+ or+ contracting. + the+ iris+ is+ a+ coloured+ muscular+ circle+ on+ the+ surface+ of+ the+ eye+ that+ changes+shape+to+let+in+more+or+less+light+by+controlling+the+pupil"s+size. + Rods:+ respond+ to+ low+ levels+ of+ illumination+ and+ result+ in+ black+ and+ white+ perception,+ good+ for+ night+vision+and+resolve+details+poorly. +120+m+ Information+from+the+left+side+of+the+visual+space+is+projected+into+the+brain"s+right+hemisphere+ and+vice+versa. +the+1st+synapse+of+the+majority+of+the+ganglion+cells+lies+within+the+visual+areas+of+ the+ thalamus,+ and+ visual+ information+ is+ transmitted+ from+ there+ to+ the+ primary+ visual+ cortex,+ cortical+ areas+ in+ the+ occipital+ lobe. + the+ pathway+ from+ the+ retina+ to+ this+ region+ carries+ all+ the+ information+that+we+consciously+experience+as+seeing. +