HTHSCI 2F03 Lecture 10: anatomy sur-102-109
26 Dec 2020
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Invasion of l renal vein varicocele (1%) Robson staging: confined to kidney, involves perinephric fat, but not garota"s fascia, spread into renal vein, spread to adjacent / distant organs. Consider partial if small tumour or 1 kidney. Childhood tumour of primitive renal tubules and mesenchymal cells. May be assoc. c chr 11 mutation. Scc: assoc. c chronic infected staghorn calculi. Benign tumours commonly require nephrectomy to exclude malignancy. Depends on histological grade and the presence of dissemination. Radical cystectomy c ileal conduit is gold standard. Up to 70% of bladder tumours recur therefore intensive f/up is required. High-risk tumours: every 3mo for 2yrs, then every 6mo. Embryological remnant of communication between umbilicus and bladder. Invasion of prostate, uterus or vag fixed mass. Benign nodular or diffuse hyperplasia of stromal and epithelial cells. Affects inner (transitional) layer of prostate (cf. Dht produced from testosterone in stromal cells by 5 - reducatase enzyme. Dht-induced gfs stromal cells and epithelial cell death.
