HPED 2507 Lecture Notes - Lecture 22: Diabetes Mellitus Type 2, Low-Density Lipoprotein, Veganism
28 Oct 2018
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Professor
HPED 2507 Vegetarian Diets
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Types of Vegetarians
What does it mean to be a “Vegetarian”?
According to the Dietitians of Canada a vegetarian diet is defined as one that does not include:
1. meat
2. fish
3. fowl
The Different Types of Vegetarian Diets
Foods Included
Type
“Red Meat”
Fowl
Fish
Eggs
Milk & Products
Plant foods
Partial Vegetarian
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Pesco-vegetarian
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Lacto-ovo vegetarian
Yes
Yes
Yes
Lacto-vegetarian
Yes
Yes
Vegan
yes
Macrobiotic
• vegan diet
• whole grains, beans and certain vegetables.
• Have resulted in malnutrition and death.
Raw Food Diets
• Diets consisting primarily of raw foods
• Can be dangerous if they are very restrictive
Fruitarians:
• raw or dried fruit, seeds and nuts
Are Vegetarian Diets Healthy?
Benefits to Health
Vegetarianism lowers risk of
1. Obesity
2. CVD
3. Hypertension
4. Type 2 diabetes
5. cancer
6. High total and LDL cholesterol
Vegetarians who consume a well-planned diet may even live longer.
Vegetarian Diets and Health
➢ Critical Times –
➢ Lacto-ovo vegetarians = sufficient
➢ More restrictive = likely to be
unhealthy
➢ Vegan diets in pregnancy and infancy
❖ Low body weight
❖ Inadequate iron, zinc, B12,
omega-3
➢ Vegan diets in childhood
❖ Ample energy = normal growth
❖ A large volume of food required
to meet nutrient needs
❖ Vit B12, Vit D, calcium, iron and
zinc are nutrients at risk in this
population
➢ Vegan diets in adolescence
➢ Well planned vegetarian diets = benefits
➢ Poorly planned lack B12, calcium,
vitamin D
➢ Low bone density
➢ Use to hide eating disorder
➢ Vegan diets in elderly or illness
➢ Appetite may be diminished
➢ High nutrient needs
➢ Life-threatening illness may lead them to
extreme diets or fads
Document Summary
According to the dietitians of canada a vegetarian diet is defined as one that does not include: Macrobiotic vegan diet: whole grains, beans and certain vegetables, have resulted in malnutrition and death. Vegetarianism lowers risk of: obesity, cvd, hypertension. Raw food diets: diets consisting primarily of raw foods, can be dangerous if they are very restrictive. Fruitarians: raw or dried fruit, seeds and nuts: type 2 diabetes, cancer, high total and ldl cholesterol. Vegetarians who consume a well-planned diet may even live longer. A large volume of food required to meet nutrient needs. Vit b12, vit d, calcium, iron and zinc are nutrients at risk in this population. Poorly planned lack b12, calcium, vitamin d. Life-threatening illness may lead them to extreme diets or fads. Vegetarian diets: vitamin b12, vitamin d, epa and dha. Nutrient considerations for the vegetarian diet: complete protein, iron, zinc, calcium. Complete protein: no change in dri, vegan- adequate energy and variety.
