NURS 2004 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Body Surface Area, Anticoagulant, Quinidine
26 Jan 2017
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Document Summary
Key factors that cause one patient to respond to drugs differently than another patient. Important for nurses to know to be better prepared to reduce individual variation in drug responses. Body weight and composition (body fat vs. muscle) Infants and elderly patients especially sensitive to drugs. Due to increased severity of illness, multiple pathologies, treatment with multiple drugs. Kidney disease (labs to check kidneys: creatinine, gfr clearance) Acid-base imbalance ph changes that alter absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs. Altered electrolyte changes to have a significant impact on drug responses (the drug will want to stay where it"s preferred ph is) Tolerance- decreased responsiveness to a drug because of repeated drug administration. Higher doses required (three categories of drug tolerance: pharmacodynamics tolerance, metabolic tolerance, tachyphylaxis. Pharmacodynamic tolerance- associated with long-term administration of drugs such as morphine or heroin. Tachyphylaxis- reduction in drug responsiveness brought on by repeated dosing over a short time (nitroglycerine patch)
