NURS 2004 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Antipyretic, Hydrogen Peroxide, Tinnitus
20 Mar 2017
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Penicillins: drugs that weaken the bacterial cell wall. Slide is made, stained and reviewed under microscope. Test with antibiotics to see what the specimen is sensitive to. Provides definitive results of drug to use. Penicillins- weaken the cell wall, causing bacteria to take up excessive water and rupture; bactericidal. Two things happen: inhibition of cross-linkages and activate bacteria cell death. On bacterial cell wall- penicillin inhibits enzymes that foster cross-linkage (transpeptidases) of peptidoglycan chains blockage of cell wall synthesis. Activation of bacterial autolysins disruption of cell wall synthesis. Promote active destruction of bacterial cell wall weakened cell wall leads to cell lysis= bactericidal. Gram positive affected more than gram negative- penicillin can"t penetrate the gram-negative cell envelope. Bacterial enzymes can inactivate the drug- penicillin has a beta-lactam ring which can be cut by enzymes (beta-lactamase/ penicillinases) Actions- bactericidal to gram-positive and some gram-negative bacteria; narrow spectrum agent. Uses- gram-positive cocci causing pneumonia, meningitis, pharyngitis, infectious endocarditis, staph.
