PSYC 1000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Neuroplasticity, Primary Motor Cortex, Resting Potential
27 Jun 2018
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Module 11 how do scientists study the nervous system?
How do scientists study the neurons system?
1- Examining autopsy tissue (person must be dead)
Patient had a speech impairment after his death an autopsy
revealed damage to the frontal cortex
2. Neuropsychological assessment
Clinical diagnosis of brain damage through psychological
(behavior test)
3. Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Uses scalp electrodes to record and amplify neural activity on
the brain. Diagnosis epilepsy, sleep disorders
4. Event related potentials (ERP)
Measures change in electrical activity following presentations
of stimulus to diagnosis sensory info processed
Out of body experiences: the aware study
Neuroimaging
Structural imaging: your brain will look the same regardless what
you’re doing. Provides picture of your brain only (MRI)
Functional imaging: the picture will look different depending on what
you’re doing. reveal areas of brain activity (rMRI)
Computerized axial tomography (CT): structural imaging, x-rays from
multiple angle
Magnetic resonance imagaing (MRI): uses strong magnetic fields and
radio waves, provides structural image or soft brain tissue, diagnosis of
tumors.
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) : detail view of pathways in the brain
(white matter) enables detection of brain injury (stroke, concussion
Alzheimer’s)
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy: associated with a constellation of
neurocognitive symptoms, including personality change, memory loss,
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progressive dementia, mood swings, confusion, tremors, speech and
gait abnormalities.
Position emission tomography; (PET): functional imaging, records the
consumption of radioactive glucose, clinical diagnosis of brain
disorders.
Functional MRI: functional imaging, unlike pet monitors oxygen
utilization
Animal studies:
Lesion: localized tissue destruction or removal electrical, heat and
chemical
Stimulation: activation of specific regions of brain
Module 12: How does the neuron system work.
Nerve cells, neuron: generates action potential, forms the synapses
with others neurons. Release chemical
Glial cells: supports neuron, many functions
Glial cells
1. Astrocytes: creates blood brain barrier influences communication
between neurons, and help heal brain damage
2. Microglia: cleans up dead cells and prevent infection in the brain
3. Oligodendroglia: provides myelin to speed up transmission of
neurons.
Functional types
Sensory: from body (receptors) to brain spinal cord. Few millions
Motor: sends info to brain to spinal cord to body. Few millions
Interneurons: connected between neurons (neural network). Billions
Dendrites: fibers which receive info from other cells, passively convey
electrical signals towards the cell body
Cell body: soma, life support center containing nucleus, sums electrical
inputs from dendrites, decides if the neuron will fire
Axon: fiber that generates action potential, starts at the cell body (one
axon, but many split)
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Document Summary
1- examining autopsy tissue (person must be dead) Patient had a speech impairment after his death an autopsy revealed damage to the frontal cortex. Clinical diagnosis of brain damage through psychological (behavior test: electroencephalogram (eeg) Uses scalp electrodes to record and amplify neural activity on the brain. Measures change in electrical activity following presentations of stimulus to diagnosis sensory info processed. Structural imaging: your brain will look the same regardless what you"re doing. Functional imaging: the picture will look different depending on what you"re doing. reveal areas of brain activity (rmri) Computerized axial tomography (ct): structural imaging, x-rays from multiple angle. Magnetic resonance imagaing (mri): uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves, provides structural image or soft brain tissue, diagnosis of tumors. Diffusion tensor imaging (dti) : detail view of pathways in the brain (white matter) enables detection of brain injury (stroke, concussion.
