ANAT 216 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Proximal Tubule, Macula Densa, Renal Calyx

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rubymacaw252

28 Apr 2018

School

Queen's University

Department

Anatomy and Cell Biology

Course

ANAT 216

Professor

Leslie W Mac Kenzie

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ANAT 216 week 3 lecture 2

Nephron tubule

Proximal convoluted tubule: large

cuboidal cells w microvilli,

reabsorb water and solutes from

filtrate

Loop of henle: hairpin turn

- Descending: thin, simple

squamous for water

absorption

- Ascending: thick, cuboidal

that reabsorb salt from

filtrate

Distal conv tubule: small cuboidal

cells, secrete into filtrate

Collecting sys: duct receives urine

from 7+ nephrons, final

adjustments to filtrate, passes

thru medulla and empties into

minor calyx

- Collecting tubes: connect

individual nephrons to

ducts, cuboidal

- Collecting ducts: ducts

converge into papillary

ducts, simple cuboidal

simple columnar

Pap ducts: empties into minor

calyx, columnar

Juxtaglomerular

apparatus

1 per nephron, where initial

portion of distal tubules comes

into contact w afferent arteriole

at vascular pole

Juxta cells: contain smooth

muscle cells w mechanoRs that

sense BP and V  prod renin

Macula densa

mod cuboidal cells look columnar,

monitor solute conc in tube

Ureter

begins at L2 level, cont w renal

pelvis

30cm muscular tubes connects

kidney to bladder

Retroperitoneal, secured to

posterior ab wall, enters bladder

at oblique angle + slit opening

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Document Summary

Nephron tubule proximal convoluted tubule: large cuboidal cells w microvilli, reabsorb water and solutes from filtrate. Descending: thin, simple squamous for water absorption. Ascending: thick, cuboidal that reabsorb salt from filtrate. Distal conv tubule: small cuboidal cells, secrete into filtrate. Collecting sys: duct receives urine from 7+ nephrons, final adjustments to filtrate, passes thru medulla and empties into minor calyx. Collecting tubes: connect individual nephrons to ducts, cuboidal. Collecting ducts: ducts converge into papillary ducts, simple cuboidal simple columnar. 1 per nephron, where initial portion of distal tubules comes into contact w afferent arteriole at vascular pole. Juxta cells: contain smooth muscle cells w mechanors that sense bp and v prod renin. Ureter monitor solute conc in tube begins at l2 level, cont w renal pelvis. Retroperitoneal, secured to posterior ab wall, enters bladder at oblique angle + slit opening prevents backflow of urine into ureter, increased p causes distal end of ureter to close)

Related Questions

1) A drop of urine would follow this path

a) renal pyramid/major calyx/minor calyx/renal pelvis/ureter

b) minor calyx/major calyx/renal pyramid/renal pelvis/ureter

c) renal pelvis/minor calyx/major calyx/renal pyramid/ureter

d) renal pyramid/minor calyx/major calyx/renal pelvis/ureter

2) The production of filtrate starts at

a) Loop of Henle

b) capsular space

c) distal convoluted tubule

d) proximal convoluted tubule

3) Major reabsorption of water happens by ____at the _____

a) contransport, distal convoluted tubules

b) Cl- shift, nephron loop

c) countercurrent, nephron loop

d) countercurrent, ureter

4) Angiotensin II causes production of ____to increase Na + reabsorption in the _________

a) renin; collecting duct

b) aldosterone; PCT

c) ADH; nephron loop

d) aldosterone; collecting duct

5) Most of the reabsorbed compounds from the filtrate end up in the

a) peritubular capillary

b) urine

c) nephron loop

d) DCT

6) Reabsorption of urea happens by

a) transcellular movement

b) by paracellular movement

c) by cotransport with glucose

d) by HCO3- movement

7) Transport Maximum, in urinary system terms, refers to

a) proteins performing âtransportâ out of the filtrate at maximum rate

b) the reason why a diabetic produces large volumes of diluted urine

c) excess filtrate components being urinated out of the body

d) All choices are correct

8) Urine does not drop below pH 4.5 because

a) proteins that move H+ into filtrate stop working when too much H+ builds up in filtrate

b) proteins in urine neutralize acid

c) H+ are always buffered

d) the buffering system in urine does not run out

9) Hyperkalemia will

a) activate adrenal cells to secrete aldosterone

b) can stop the heart

c) No choices are correct

d) cause reduced excitability of neurons

e) All choices are correct

amaranthgnu452

1. Which of the following vessels, if stimulated to vasoconstrict, would cause increased filtration in the glomerular capillaries?

(a) Afferent arterioleâ(c) Efferent arteriole

(b) Vasa rectaâ(d) Peritubular capillaries

2. Which of the following CORRECTLY describes the flow of filtrate through the renal tubule?

(a) Glomerulus Ã Distal convoluted tubule Ã Ascending limb of nephron loop Ã Descending limb of nephron loop Ã Proximal convoluted tubule Ã Collecting duct

(b) Glomerulus Ã Proximal convoluted tubule Ã Descending limb of nephron loop Ã Ascending limb of nephron loop Ã Distal convoluted tubule Ã Collecting duct

(c) Glomerulus Ã Proximal convoluted tubule Ã Ascending limb of nephron loop Ã Descending limb of nephron loop Ã Distal convoluted tubule Ã Collecting duct

(d) Glomerulus Ã Distal convoluted tubule Ã Descending limb of nephron loop Ã Ascending limb of nephron loop Ã Proximal convoluted tubule Ã Collecting duct

3. Tubular ______________ occurs when certain substances (i.e. ions, drugs) are removed from the bloodstream and placed back into the renal tubule.

(a) Eliminationâ(c) Secretion

(b) Reabsorptionâ(d) Filtration

4. Which of the following is TRUE about the reabsorption process in the proximal convoluted tubule?

(a) Na + ions are actively transported out of the tubule and into the peritubular capillaries

(b) Negatively charged ions (e.g. chloride) are transported out of the tubule in response to the movement of sodium

(d) All of the above

5. Which of the following statements is FALSE about the glomerulus and the processes that occur there?

(a) Capsular hydrostatic pressure refers to the pressure of fluid pressing on the capsule and opposes filtration

(b) Net filtration pressure in the glomerulus is the difference between forces favoring filtration and forces opposing filtration

(d) Vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole lowers glomerular filtration rate

6. The descending limb of the nephron loop is impermeable to water while the ascending limb of the nephron is permeable to water.

(a) Trueâ(b) False

7. Which of the following vessels takes blood out of the renal corpuscle and returns it to the bloodstream?

(a) Peritubular capillary systemâ(c) Vasa recta

(b) Efferent arterioleâ(d) Afferent arteriole

8. Under the influence of ADH, the ___________________ and the _________________ become permeable to water and water is reabsorbed.

(a) Proximal convoluted tubule, Nephron loop

(b) Distal convoluted tubule, Nephron loop

(d) Distal convoluted tubule, Collecting duct

9. What is the name of the region inside the bladder bounded by the two uretal openings and the urethra?

(a) Trigoneâ(c) Mucous layer

(b) Detrusor muscleâ(d) Transitional epithelium

10. During the accumulation of urine, the bladder distends, allowing stretch receptors in the transitional epithelium to be stimulated.

(a) Trueâ(b) False

lemongoat70

1) A drop of urine would follow this path

a) renal pyramid/major calyx/minor calyx/renal pelvis/ureter

b) minor calyx/major calyx/renal pyramid/renal pelvis/ureter

c) renal pelvis/minor calyx/major calyx/renal pyramid/ureter

d) renal pyramid/minor calyx/major calyx/renal pelvis/ureter

2) The production of filtrate starts at

a) Loop of Henle

b) capsular space

c) distal convoluted tubule

d) proximal convoluted tubule

3) Major reabsorption of water happens by ____at the _____

a) contransport, distal convoluted tubules

b) Cl- shift, nephron loop

c) countercurrent, nephron loop

d) countercurrent, ureter

4) Angiotensin II causes production of ____to increase Na + reabsorption in the _________

a) renin; collecting duct

b) aldosterone; PCT

c) ADH; nephron loop

d) aldosterone; collecting duct

5) Most of the reabsorbed compounds from the filtrate end up in the

a) peritubular capillary

b) urine

c) nephron loop

d) DCT

6) Reabsorption of urea happens by

a) transcellular movement

b) by paracellular movement

c) by cotransport with glucose

d) by HCO3- movement

7) Transport Maximum, in urinary system terms, refers to

a) proteins performing âtransportâ out of the filtrate at maximum rate

b) the reason why a diabetic produces large volumes of diluted urine

c) excess filtrate components being urinated out of the body

d) All choices are correct

8) Urine does not drop below pH 4.5 because

a) proteins that move H+ into filtrate stop working when too much H+ builds up in filtrate

b) proteins in urine neutralize acid

c) H+ are always buffered

d) the buffering system in urine does not run out

9) Hyperkalemia will

a) activate adrenal cells to secrete aldosterone

b) can stop the heart

c) No choices are correct

d) cause reduced excitability of neurons

e) All choices are correct

10)In your body, chloride (Cl-) can be found in its highest concentration in

a) extracellular fluid

b) intracellular fluid

c) Neither choice is correct

11) Diuretic abuse leads to

a) All choices are correct

b) two choices are correct

c) No choice is correct

d) dehydration

e) athletes being accused of doping

f) hypotonic hydration

12) Long diffusion distance, low blood pressure, and impaired circulation are the result of

a) hypernatremia

b) edema

c) hyperkalemia

d) water toxicity

13) In males FSH is under feedback control by _____ and is down regulated when _________reaches high concentrations

a) inhibin, testosterone/sperm #s

b) testosterone, inhibin/sustentocyte #s

c) ADH, inhibin/sustentocyte #s

d) LH, testosterone/sperm #s

14) Testosterone production is done by ____-cells

a) posterior pituitary

b ) interstitial endocrine

c) anterior pituitary

d) sustentocytes

15) Upon _____of estrogen/progesterone, the ____phase of the uterine cycle begins

a) increase; menstrual

b) decrease; menstrual

c) increase; proliferative

d) decrease; secretory

16) Progesterone

a) All choices are correct

b) is low in the luteal phase

c) No choices are correct

d) raises in the follicular phase

e) is high along with estrogen during the follicular phase

17) Which nephron is most responsible for urine concentration?

a) cortical nephrons

b) Juxtamedullary nephrons

c) Neither

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ANAT 216 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Proximal Tubule, Macula Densa, Renal Calyx

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