BIOL 205 Lecture Notes - Pyrimidine Dimer, Dna Repair, Aflatoxin B1

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Mutations due to trinucleotide repeats located in non-coding regions. Trinucleotide repeats in the fmr-1 gene (fragile x mental retardation gene) hinder transcription. **repeats don"t need to happen in codin region: can happen in heterochromatin, promoter, etc. If exposed to light greater than 320nm: dangerous. Cosmic rays: gamma and other type s of radiation. Have repair mechanisms but they are dependent on dose (point that mechanisms can no longer keep up) Usually transitions (transversions = energetically unfavourable and repaired quickly) Causes insertion or deletion of a single nucleotide pair: frameshift (far more deleterious than transitions) flat, planar molecules. Physical mutagens come into two main types: ionizing radiation, nonionizing radiation. , oxidizing agents: lead to double strand breaks, cross-linking (ex: thymine dimers, chromosomal breaks, worst possible thing: very difficult to put chromosome back together. The ames test reveals mutagenic compounds count colonies: see what reversion frequency is no mutants: control to see if creating mutants just by adding liver enzymes.

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