PSYC 100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 13: Opioid, Acetylcholine, Excitatory Synapse
3 Jun 2018
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Glia cells
Glia serve a supportive role, but they also supply oxygen and nutrients to neurons, remove dead cells and germs, and, importantly, serve as protective insulation around the axons of neurons.
• Supportive role to neurons
• Supply oxygen and nutrients to
neurons
• Remove dead cells and germs
• Protective insulation around axons of
neurons
• Perhaps also communication within
the brain
Interneuron = most abundant type of neuron;
link sensory and motor neurons; integrates
and communicates information
Motor neurons: direct muscles to relax or
contract, producing movement
Sensory neurons: detect info
Spinal reflex arc
Pain signals
Dendrites receive info as an electrical signal,
the cell body analyzes it, the axon transmits it
-- this passes along several neurons and is
eventually sent to muscles through the spinal
reflex - this reaches the brain which interprets
the signal as painful
Types of graded potentials : postsynaptic
electrical potentials
Excitatory synapses: activated when a
terminal button releases a transmitter
substance that excites the postsynaptic
neurons on the other side of the synapse
Inhibitory synapses: decrease the likelihood
of postsynaptic neuron axons firing when
activated.
Both of these are types of graded potentials
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
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Document Summary
Types of graded potentials : postsynaptic electrical potentials. Interneuron = most abundant type of neuron; link sensory and motor neurons; integrates and communicates information. Motor neurons: direct muscles to relax or contract, producing movement. Dendrites receive info as an electrical signal, the cell body analyzes it, the axon transmits it. - this passes along several neurons and is eventually sent to muscles through the spinal reflex - this reaches the brain which interprets the signal as painful. Excitatory synapses: activated when a terminal button releases a transmitter substance that excites the postsynaptic neurons on the other side of the synapse. Inhibitory synapses: decrease the likelihood of postsynaptic neuron axons firing when activated. Both of these are types of graded potentials. If a neuron is depolarized enough (reaches the activation threshold), an action potential will be generated. Amine neurotransmitters: amines, amino acids, peptides, dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, serotonin, acetylcholine. Amino acid neurotransmitters: glutamate, gama-aminobutyric acid (gaba)
