PSY 614 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Autonomic Nervous System, Immune System, Visual Search
24 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
"Energy Management"
AROUSAL
A general physiological and psychological activation, varying on a continuum
from deep sleep to intense excitement
Intensity dimensions of motivation at a particular moment
○
Physiological & psychological
○
Motivation - Direction & Intensity
○
Intensity - Optimal Zone
○
-
ANXIETY
Negative emotional state in which feelings or nervousness, worry and
apprehension are associated with activation or arousal of the body
-
Cognitive State Anxiety
Thoughts, negative thinking
○
Psychological
○
-
Somatic State Anxiety
Body (soma)
○
Physiological
○
-
State Anxiety
Temporary, ever-changing emotional state of subjective, consciously
perceived feelings of apprehension and tension, associated with
activation of the autonomic nervous system
○
Situational (changing)
○
-
Trait Anxiety
Behavioral disposition to perceive as threatening circumstances that
objectively may not be dangerous and to then respond with
disproportionate state anxiety
Highly Trait-anxious people usually have more state anxiety in
highly competitive situations than people with low Trait Anxiety
§
○
-
STRESS
Immune system suppressed (cumulative)
-
Substantial imbalance between physical or psychological demands placed on an
individual - failure to meet demand has important consequences
YOU choose to perceive demand
○
-
Stress Process
Environmental
Demand placed
§
○
Perception
"Threat" perceived
§
Trait Anxiety
§
○
Response
Arousal, tension
§
State Anxiety
§
○
Behavioral
Actual behavior of individual under stress
§
Performance - improve or deteriorate ability to perform under
stress
§
○
-
IDENTIFYING SOURCES OF STRESS AND ANXIETY
Event Importance
More importance, more stress provoking
○
-
Uncertainty
Internal Locus of Control
○
-
PERSONAL SOURCES OF STRESS
Trait Anxiety
Fight or Flight response (more often)
Competition - perceive as more threatening
§
○
-
Self-Esteem
-
Social Physique Anxiety
Anxious when others observe their physiques
○
-
CONNECTING AROUSAL AND ANXIETY TO PERFORMANCE
Drive Theory
Linear relationship between arousal and performance
-
Social Facilitation Theory
Presence of others help performance
○
No credibility to this theory
○
-
Inverted-U Hypothesis
Arousal low, performance low
-
Mid-point of graph - optimal amount of arousal
-
Zones of Optimal Functioning
Zone of optimal state anxiety = best performance
Poor performance outside of this zone (physiological)
○
-
Multidimensional Anxiety Theory
Cognitive state anxiety negatively related to performance
-
Somatic state anxiety
Inverted-U Hypothesis (physiological)
○
-
Anxiety (worry) does not help performance
-
Catastrophe Model
Physiological arousal only when athlete is not affected by anxiety (worry)
-
Inverted-U Hypothesis
ONLY IF cognitive anxiety is LOW
○
IF anxiety is HIGH - CATASTROPHE
○
Performance affected
○
-
Reversal Theory
Arousal affects performance based on interpretation of arousal
One's interpretation of arousal, not just the amount of arousal one feels,
is significant
○
Performers can shift or reverse their positive/negative interpretations of
arousal from moment to moment
○
-
Anxiety Direction and Intensity
Athlete's perception of control relative to coping and goal attainment is critical
in determining whether state anxiety will be viewed as facilitative or debilitative
Facilitative/Debilitative
How much stress experience depends on individual-difference
factors such as trait anxiety or self-esteem
§
○
-
Arousal-Performance Views
(1) Arousal is both physiological activation and athlete's interpretation of that
activation
-
(2) Arousal & State Anxiety do not necessarily have a negative effect on
performance
-
(3) Optimal level of arousal
-
(4) Catastrophe & Reversal Theories
Interaction between physiological and psychological together are more
important than absolute levels of each
○
-
(5) Optimal level of arousal
Peak performance
○
Arousal too high - CATASTROPHE
Attention narrows, less concentration
§
Miss things in field of vision
§
○
-
(6) Psyching-Up Strategies
Use with caution
Difficult to recover once they experience a catastrophe
§
○
-
(7) Well-Practiced Self Talk for Athletes
Sport - Antidote to worry
In the zone (FLOW)
§
○
-
Why Arousal Influences Performance
Muscle tension, fatigue, and coordination
People that experience stress
○
Increased arousal and state anxiety cause increased muscle tension and
fatigue, can interfere with coordination
○
-
Attention, concentration and visual search changes
Attention narrows, less concentration
○
Miss things in field of vision
○
-
Applying to Professional Practice
(1) Identify optimal combination of arousal-related emotions needed for best
performance
-Emotional Thermostat
(2) Personal & situational factors influence arousal, anxiety, and performance
-Interaction affects state arousal/anxiety
(3) Recognize signs of increased arousal & anxiety
(4) Tailor coaching
(5) Develop confidence
Chapter 4 -Arousal, Stress & Anxiety
Wednesday, May 16, 2018
9:17 PM
"Energy Management"
AROUSAL
A general physiological and psychological activation, varying on a continuum
from deep sleep to intense excitement
Intensity dimensions of motivation at a particular moment
○
Physiological & psychological
○
Motivation - Direction & Intensity
○
Intensity - Optimal Zone
○
-
ANXIETY
Negative emotional state in which feelings or nervousness, worry and
apprehension are associated with activation or arousal of the body
-
Cognitive State Anxiety
Thoughts, negative thinking
○
Psychological
○
-
Somatic State Anxiety
Body (soma)
○
Physiological
○
-
State Anxiety
Temporary, ever-changing emotional state of subjective, consciously
perceived feelings of apprehension and tension, associated with
activation of the autonomic nervous system
○
Situational (changing)
○
-
Trait Anxiety
Behavioral disposition to perceive as threatening circumstances that
objectively may not be dangerous and to then respond with
disproportionate state anxiety
Highly Trait-anxious people usually have more state anxiety in
highly competitive situations than people with low Trait Anxiety
§
○
-
STRESS
Immune system suppressed (cumulative)
-
Substantial imbalance between physical or psychological demands placed on an
individual - failure to meet demand has important consequences
YOU choose to perceive demand
○
-
Stress Process
Environmental
Demand placed
§
○
Perception
"Threat" perceived
§
Trait Anxiety
§
○
Response
Arousal, tension
§
State Anxiety
§
○
Behavioral
Actual behavior of individual under stress
§
Performance - improve or deteriorate ability to perform under
stress
§
○
-
IDENTIFYING SOURCES OF STRESS AND ANXIETY
Event Importance
More importance, more stress provoking
○
-
Uncertainty
Internal Locus of Control
○
-
PERSONAL SOURCES OF STRESS
Trait Anxiety
Fight or Flight response (more often)
Competition - perceive as more threatening
§
○
-
Self-Esteem
-
Social Physique Anxiety
Anxious when others observe their physiques
○
-
CONNECTING AROUSAL AND ANXIETY TO PERFORMANCE
Drive Theory
Linear relationship between arousal and performance
-
Social Facilitation Theory
Presence of others help performance
○
No credibility to this theory
○
-
Inverted-U Hypothesis
Arousal low, performance low
-
Mid-point of graph - optimal amount of arousal
-
Zones of Optimal Functioning
Zone of optimal state anxiety = best performance
Poor performance outside of this zone (physiological)
○
-
Multidimensional Anxiety Theory
Cognitive state anxiety negatively related to performance
-
Somatic state anxiety
Inverted-U Hypothesis (physiological)
○
-
Anxiety (worry) does not help performance
-
Catastrophe Model
Physiological arousal only when athlete is not affected by anxiety (worry)
-
Inverted-U Hypothesis
ONLY IF cognitive anxiety is LOW
○
IF anxiety is HIGH - CATASTROPHE
○
Performance affected
○
-
Reversal Theory
Arousal affects performance based on interpretation of arousal
One's interpretation of arousal, not just the amount of arousal one feels,
is significant
○
Performers can shift or reverse their positive/negative interpretations of
arousal from moment to moment
○
-
Anxiety Direction and Intensity
Athlete's perception of control relative to coping and goal attainment is critical
in determining whether state anxiety will be viewed as facilitative or debilitative
Facilitative/Debilitative
How much stress experience depends on individual-difference
factors such as trait anxiety or self-esteem
§
○
-
Arousal-Performance Views
(1) Arousal is both physiological activation and athlete's interpretation of that
activation
-
(2) Arousal & State Anxiety do not necessarily have a negative effect on
performance
-
(3) Optimal level of arousal
-
(4) Catastrophe & Reversal Theories
Interaction between physiological and psychological together are more
important than absolute levels of each
○
-
(5) Optimal level of arousal
Peak performance
○
Arousal too high - CATASTROPHE
Attention narrows, less concentration
§
Miss things in field of vision
§
○
-
(6) Psyching-Up Strategies
Use with caution
Difficult to recover once they experience a catastrophe
§
○
-
(7) Well-Practiced Self Talk for Athletes
Sport - Antidote to worry
In the zone (FLOW)
§
○
-
Why Arousal Influences Performance
Muscle tension, fatigue, and coordination
People that experience stress
○
Increased arousal and state anxiety cause increased muscle tension and
fatigue, can interfere with coordination
○
-
Attention, concentration and visual search changes
Attention narrows, less concentration
○
Miss things in field of vision
○
-
Applying to Professional Practice
(1) Identify optimal combination of arousal-related emotions needed for best
performance
-Emotional Thermostat
(2) Personal & situational factors influence arousal, anxiety, and performance
-Interaction affects state arousal/anxiety
(3) Recognize signs of increased arousal & anxiety
(4) Tailor coaching
(5) Develop confidence
Chapter 4 -Arousal, Stress & Anxiety
Wednesday, May 16, 2018 9:17 PM
"Energy Management"
AROUSAL
A general physiological and psychological activation, varying on a continuum
from deep sleep to intense excitement
Intensity dimensions of motivation at a particular moment
○
Physiological & psychological
○
Motivation - Direction & Intensity
○
Intensity - Optimal Zone
○
-
ANXIETY
Negative emotional state in which feelings or nervousness, worry and
apprehension are associated with activation or arousal of the body
-
Cognitive State Anxiety
Thoughts, negative thinking
○
Psychological
○
-
Somatic State Anxiety
Body (soma)
○
Physiological
○
-
State Anxiety
Temporary, ever-changing emotional state of subjective, consciously
perceived feelings of apprehension and tension, associated with
activation of the autonomic nervous system
○
Situational (changing)
○
-
Trait Anxiety
Behavioral disposition to perceive as threatening circumstances that
objectively may not be dangerous and to then respond with
disproportionate state anxiety
Highly Trait-anxious people usually have more state anxiety in
highly competitive situations than people with low Trait Anxiety
§
○
-
STRESS
Immune system suppressed (cumulative)
-
Substantial imbalance between physical or psychological demands placed on an
individual - failure to meet demand has important consequences
YOU choose to perceive demand
○
-
Stress Process
Environmental
Demand placed
§
○
Perception
"Threat" perceived
§
Trait Anxiety
§
○
Response
Arousal, tension
§
State Anxiety
§
○
Behavioral
Actual behavior of individual under stress
§
Performance - improve or deteriorate ability to perform under
stress
§
○
-
IDENTIFYING SOURCES OF STRESS AND ANXIETY
Event Importance
More importance, more stress provoking
○
-
Uncertainty
Internal Locus of Control
○
-
PERSONAL SOURCES OF STRESS
Trait Anxiety
Fight or Flight response (more often)
Competition - perceive as more threatening
§
○
-
Self-Esteem
-
Social Physique Anxiety
Anxious when others observe their physiques
○
-
CONNECTING AROUSAL AND ANXIETY TO PERFORMANCE
Drive Theory
Linear relationship between arousal and performance
-
Social Facilitation Theory
Presence of others help performance
○
No credibility to this theory
○
-
Inverted-U Hypothesis
Arousal low, performance low
-
Mid-point of graph - optimal amount of arousal
-
Zones of Optimal Functioning
Zone of optimal state anxiety = best performance
Poor performance outside of this zone (physiological)
○
-
Multidimensional Anxiety Theory
Cognitive state anxiety negatively related to performance
-
Somatic state anxiety
Inverted-U Hypothesis (physiological)
○
-
Anxiety (worry) does not help performance
-
Catastrophe Model
Physiological arousal only when athlete is not affected by anxiety (worry)
-
Inverted-U Hypothesis
ONLY IF cognitive anxiety is LOW
○
IF anxiety is HIGH - CATASTROPHE
○
Performance affected
○
-
Reversal Theory
Arousal affects performance based on interpretation of arousal
One's interpretation of arousal, not just the amount of arousal one feels,
is significant
○
Performers can shift or reverse their positive/negative interpretations of
arousal from moment to moment
○
-
Anxiety Direction and Intensity
Athlete's perception of control relative to coping and goal attainment is critical
in determining whether state anxiety will be viewed as facilitative or debilitative
Facilitative/Debilitative
How much stress experience depends on individual-difference
factors such as trait anxiety or self-esteem
§
○
-
Arousal-Performance Views
(1) Arousal is both physiological activation and athlete's interpretation of that
activation
-
(2) Arousal & State Anxiety do not necessarily have a negative effect on
performance
-
(3) Optimal level of arousal
-
(4) Catastrophe & Reversal Theories
Interaction between physiological and psychological together are more
important than absolute levels of each
○
-
(5) Optimal level of arousal
Peak performance
○
Arousal too high - CATASTROPHE
Attention narrows, less concentration
§
Miss things in field of vision
§
○
-
(6) Psyching-Up Strategies
Use with caution
Difficult to recover once they experience a catastrophe
§
○
-
(7) Well-Practiced Self Talk for Athletes
Sport - Antidote to worry
In the zone (FLOW)
§
○
-
Why Arousal Influences Performance
Muscle tension, fatigue, and coordination
People that experience stress
○
Increased arousal and state anxiety cause increased muscle tension and
fatigue, can interfere with coordination
○
-
Attention, concentration and visual search changes
Attention narrows, less concentration
○
Miss things in field of vision
○
-
Applying to Professional Practice
(1) Identify optimal combination of arousal-related emotions needed for best
performance
-Emotional Thermostat
(2) Personal & situational factors influence arousal, anxiety, and performance
-Interaction affects state arousal/anxiety
(3) Recognize signs of increased arousal & anxiety
(4) Tailor coaching
(5) Develop confidence
Chapter 4 -Arousal, Stress & Anxiety
Wednesday, May 16, 2018 9:17 PM
Document Summary
A general physiological and psychological activation, varying on a continuum from deep sleep to intense excitement. Intensity dimensions of motivation at a particular moment. Negative emotional state in which feelings or nervousness, worry and apprehension are associated with activation or arousal of the body. Temporary, ever-changing emotional state of subjective, consciously perceived feelings of apprehension and tension, associated with activation of the autonomic nervous system. Behavioral disposition to perceive as threatening circumstances that objectively may not be dangerous and to then respond with disproportionate state anxiety. Highly trait-anxious people usually have more state anxiety in highly competitive situations than people with low trait anxiety. Substantial imbalance between physical or psychological demands placed on an individual - failure to meet demand has important consequences. Performance - improve or deteriorate ability to perform under stress stress. Mid-point of graph - optimal amount of arousal. Zone of optimal state anxiety = best performance.
