ECON 104 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Taxation In Canada, Qst, Tax Rate

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peachkangaroo677

17 Oct 2014

School

Simon Fraser University

Department

Economics

Course

ECON 104

Professor

Vasyl Golovetskyy

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Document Summary

Taxes raise revenues for the government, and taxes change the behaviours of those involved in a taxed trade (they also are a part of the income redistribution, but we will leave this topic for later discussions). To finance something, the government could (a) print some money, (b) produce stuff and sell it to people for money, (c) tax people [or (d) do something else i haven"t thought up at the moment]. Modern governments get most of their money from taxation. Think about the alternatives listed above, and think why they are not used that much. Why not print money as the primary means of financing the government activities: the government does borrow (a lot). Why not use borrowing as the primary means of financing the government activities: the government does produce and sell stuff (passports, e. g. ). How does your answer relate to the first. Recall that in a free competitive market, there is an equilibrium (a good one, efficient).

Related Questions

Question 1

Which of the following is true concerning the consumption habits of ALL levels of government?

Select one:

a. All levels of government combined consume close to one-third of the nationâ output.

b. The levels of government consume all of the nationâs output and then ration out resources as it sees fit.

c. the private sector does not produce any goods for the government

d. The levels of government rarely consume any of the nationâs output

Question 2

Question text

Which of the following is an example of governmental MANDATORY SPENDING?

Select one:

a. Educational programs

b. Environmental and Space Programs

c. Paying the interest on the federal debt

d. National defense spending

Question 3

Question text

The state governments spend most of their money on

Select one:

a. National guard training

b. Education

c. State highway repair

d. Intergovernmental expenditures

Question 4

Question text

During which year did the first federal budget surplus occur within the last three decades?

Select one:

a. 1998

b. 1975

c. 1985

d. 1990

Question 5

Question text

Which is true concerning the Gramm-Rudmand-Hollings Bill?

Select one:

a. It was a bill that helped female employees get tax exemptions

b. It was legislation intended to establish a balanced budget

c. It was a bill that was vetoed because it limited the governmentâs ability to tax

d. It was a bill that was passed to put national defense on the mandatory spending list

Question 6

Question text

Which of the following is an example of how the government uses taxes to redistribute income?

Select one:

a. The government puts heavy taxes on the poor to gain revenue.

b. the government places very low taxes on the rich so that they can keep their money.

c. People with income pay income taxes and the government can spend money on transfer payments.

d. The government taxes all people equally

1. The primary tool used by supply-side economists to eliminate macroeconomic problems is

A. the discount rate.

B. corporate tax rates.

C. government spending.

D. open market operations.

E. the reserve requirement.

2. When the Federal Reserve System buys government securities on the open market,

A. the money supply will decrease.

B. excess reserves at commercial banks will decrease.

C. excess reserves at commercial banks will increase.

D. interest rates will increase

3. One of the advantages of automatic stabilizers over discretionary fiscal policy is that automatic stabilizers

A. has a greater multiplier effect than discretionary policy.

B. is not subject to the time lag problems of discretionary policy.

C. does not produce a deficit during recessions as a discretionary policy does.

D. makes the actual budget a better reflection of the condition of the economy than the full-employment budget.

4. "I have promised to do everything in my power to reduce the federal deficit. That means reducing federal expenditures and, if necessary, increasing taxes. Under present conditions of full employment and steady prices, we can afford to bear the burden of this debt (i.e., pay off the debt) now instead of passing it on to our children and grandchildren."

If the policies of the Senator quoted above were adopted, what effects would be expected while these policies were being implemented?

A. higher inflation

B. increases imports

C. higher rates of economic growth

D. increased unemployment and idle capacity

5. An inflationary gap can be reduced or completely closed by

A. decreasing taxes while leaving government spending on goods and services unchanged.

B. decreasing government spending on goods and services while leaving taxes unchanged.

C. increasing government spending on goods and services while leaving taxes unchanged.

D. increasing both government spending on goods and services and taxes by the same amount.

6. Compared to fiscal policy, an advantage of monetary policy is its

A. greater flexibility.

B. highly selective impact on segments of the economy.

C. ability to eliminate cost-push inflation.

D. need for approval by Congress.

E. need for approval by the President.

7. An increase in government spending on goods and services which causes a budget deficit to exist

A. is always inflationary.

B. is more inflationary than equal increases in private spending.

C. is usually not inflationary when the economy is operating at its full-employment level of output.

D. will not necessarily cause serious inflation as long as there are unemployed resources in the economy.

8. Some analysts believe the tax cuts enacted during the President H.W. Bush administration represented a supply-side economic policy rather than a Keynesian fiscal policy because

A. the tax cuts were accompanied by decreases in interest rates.

B. the tax cuts were accompanied by increases in government spending.

C. the tax cuts were primarily aimed at upper-income groups and businesses.

D. the tax cuts were primarily aimed at middle income and lower-income groups.

9. When the federal government is stabilizing the economy by increasing taxes, monetary authorities should

A. take actions to decrease interest rates.

B. increase the supply of money.

C. buy government securities in the open market.

D. follow an expansionary money policy.

E. follow a contractionary money policy.

10. Suppose a commercial bank has demand deposits (checking accounts) of $400,000, actual reserves of $170,000, and a reserve requirement of 20%. This single commercial bank can lend a maximum of ______ and the banking system can increase loans by a maximum of ______

A. $90,000 and $450,000.
B. $90,000 and $360,000.
C. $90,000 and $170,000.
D. $170,000 and $450,000.

E. both can lend an unlimited amount.

11. Which of the following would most likely result if the federal government increased its spending without changing tax revenues during a period of full employment?

A. inflation

B. a recession

C. lower interest rates

D. a larger net exports deficit

12. Fiscal policy that emphasizes cutting taxes as a means of improving incentives to work, and invest would be characterized in aggregate demand - aggregate supply framework primarily a shift

A. left in the aggregate demand curve.

B. left in the aggregate supply curve.

C. right in the aggregate supply curve.

D. no shift in either the aggregate demand curve or the aggregate supply curve.

13. Which of the following will result in the greatest increase in aggregate expenditures/demand?

A. A $100 decrease in personal income taxes

B. A $100 increase in personal income taxes

C. A $100 increase in government expenditures

D. A $100 increase in government expenditures which is accompanied by a $100 increase in personal income taxes

E. Both A and C will have the same effect on aggregate expenditures

14. You are given the following information about aggregate demand for an economy: (1)consumption = $600 billion; (2) investment = $50 billion; (3) government purchases = $100 billion; and (4) net export = $20 billion. If the full-employment level of GDP for this economy is $720 billion, then what combination of actions would be most consistent to achieve full employment and stable prices?

A. an increase in government spending and taxes

B. decrease government spending and taxes

C. decrease government spending and increase taxes

D. increase government spending and decrease taxes

15. Advocates of fiscal policy agree that discretionary fiscal policy will stabilize the business cycle most when the federal government

A. continuously incurs budget deficits.

B. continuously runs budget surpluses.

C. balances its budget every year.

D. incurs budget deficits during recessions and budget surpluses during demand-pull inflations.

E. incurs budget surpluses during recessions and budget deficits during demand-pull inflations.

16. Discretionary fiscal policy that increases the government budget deficit has the same effect on equilibrium as

A. an increase in personal saving.

B. an increase in business investment.

C. a decrease in government spending.

D. a decrease in personal consumption expenditures

pearseal757

Henry told us in his guide to the Institutional Framework of Taxation in Australia that the Australian Taxation System is one of the most complex in the world and is made up of approximately 125 taxes including taxes such as Income Tax, Capital Gains Tax, Fringe Benefits Tax and Goods and Services Tax just to name a few. He also mentioned that there are many different organisations that play different and varied roles within this system to ensure its integrity and all Australians are equally treated with equity.
The Australian Taxation System is embedded in the way of life for all Australian taxpayers, we pay tax on our income, we pay tax when we purchase goods and use services, we pay tax when we sell assets and this is just to name a few but in return the Government provides services and benefits e.g. hospitals, schools, defence, and financial assistance to those in need etc.
As we know the government relies very heavily on the revenue from taxation to be able to finance its activities and services it offers to the public and reforms on taxation are often a focus of governments. An area of taxation reform that is constantly under review is a rise in the current GST rate or broaden the GST base (e.g. make basic foods taxable). Many feel that this would solve some of the governmentâs financial woes, whilst other are adamantly against any rise or broaden of the tax base. This is a very political issue and is extremely topical as the government, opposition and the premiers of the Australian States/Terrorities are engaged in heated debates regarding the issue of GST and its possible reform.
The assessment requires you to review this topical area of taxation (GST Reform).

Some views may be that it is not unreasonable to raise the GST rate as compared to other OECD countries the Australian rate is very low, that broadening the tax base will make GST a simpler tax remembering that businesses are responsible for its collection and a more simply system will lessen their burden. Others may view it as that the GST rate should not be raised or the base broaden as it will cause more financial stress on some areas of the public, it may be the view that it is too much of a problem politically for a government to introduce changes to GST especially as we head into an election year â¦.. WHAT WILL YOUR VIEW BE?
The requirements of the assignment for part two is to produce a 1000 to 1500 word essay on your opinion of this topic

ECON 104 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Taxation In Canada, Qst, Tax Rate

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