BIOL 205 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Chemical Polarity, Covalent Bond, Ionic Bonding

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emeraldalpaca286

14 Nov 2016

School

University of Calgary

Department

Biology

Course

BIOL 205

Professor

Elke Lohmeier- Vogel

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Document Summary

Element: substance that cannot be broken down into any other substances, it is composed of only one kind of atom. Molecule: formed when two or more atoms are joined chemically. Compound: substance consisting of two or more different elements combined in a xed ratio. Atomic number: the number of protons in an atom (they are all unique: ex. Mass number: sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus: ex. Other elements: (covered in class: helium, 2 protons, 2 neutrons, mass number: 4, atomic number: 2, atomic weight: 4 g, helium is an inert gas. Unreactive (valence is full: deuterium, 1 proton, 1 neutron, mass number: 2, atomic number: 1, atomic weight: 2 g, stable isotope of hydrogen. Trace elements: found in body but only in very small quantities: help prevent disease, common additive to foods, found in some vitamins.

Related Questions

1. (TCO 1) Control subjects in a double-blindtest of a new drug are (Points : 4) informed of what drug they aregetting.
informed of what drug they aregetting but their private physicians are not.
given larger doses of thedrug.
infected with a differentdisease than the experimental subjects.
not given the experimentaldrug but are otherwise treated the same as the experimentalsubjects.

Question 2. 2. (TCO 1) My dog will eat more ofher food when I pour bacon grease over the food before I give it toher. This is an example of a(n) _____. (Points : 4)

observation
hypothesis
experiment
theory
All of the above

Question 3. 3. (TCO 1) Deductive reasoning isused to make _____ based on a hypothesis. (Points : 4)

data
theories
statistical tests
correlations
predictions

Question 4. 4. (TCO 2) Which of the followingstatements about the periodic table is incorrect? (Points : 4)

A period is a horizontal rowon the periodic table.
A group is a column on theperiodic table.
The elements in each periodhave similar chemical properties.
The A groups contain therepresentative elements.
The B groups contain thetransition elements.

Question 5. 5. (TCO 2) How do you find themass number of an atom? (Points : 4)

Add up the number of protons,electrons, and neutrons in the atom.
Add up the number of protonsand neutrons in the atom.
It is equal to the number ofprotons in the atom.
It is equal to the number ofneutrons in the atom.
Find the net electrical chargeof the atom.

Question 6. 6. (TCO 2) An isotope of potassiumhas a mass number of 39. How many neutrons are present in thisisotope? (Points : 4)

19
20
24
44
58

Question 7. 7. (TCO 2) Which particles arefound in the nucleus of an atom? (Points : 4)

Only neutrons
Protons and electrons
Protons and neutrons
Only electrons
Only protons

Question 8. 8. (TCO 3) How many atoms ofphosphate are found in a molecule ofZn₃(PO₄)₂? (Points : 4)

Two
Four
One
Eight
Three

Question 9. 9. (TCO 3) Emily has a box thatcontains 0.01 mole of aluminum. How many particles of aluminum arein the box? (Points : 4)

6.02
3.01

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Question 211 pts

Blood cells placed in pure water will burst because there is a net movement of water out of the cell.

True

False

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Question 221 pts

Photosynthesis takes place in tiny organelles within the cell known as mitochondria.

True

False

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Question 231 pts

The balanced chemical equation for cellular respiration is

C6H12O6 + 6O2 â 6CO2 + 6 H2O + 36 or 38 ATP

True

False

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Question 241 pts

A catalyst is anything that speeds up a chemical reaction.

True

False

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Question 251 pts

Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion.

True

False

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Question 261 pts

Changes in temperature and pH may speed up or slow down the activity of an enzyme.

True

False

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Question 271 pts

There are 20 different amino acids.

True

False

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Question 281 pts

The products of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis are oxygen, ATP, and NADPH.

True

False

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Question 291 pts

Which of the following is NOT a component of the Cell Theory?

Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell.

Cells are the smallest units of structure and function

All organisms are composed of one or more cells.

Cells can vary their shape and size to suit the environment for survival.

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Question 301 pts

What is the name of the two subatomic particles that can be found in the nucleus of an atom?

neutrons and electrons

protons and neutrons

protons and electrons

protons and morons

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Question 311 pts

Atoms that have either a positive or negative charge are known as:

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Question 321 pts

An atom with an unfilled outer energy level (electron shell) is likely to be:

inert

unable to form bonds with other atoms

reactive

extremely stable

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Question 331 pts

All living things are able to maintain stable internal conditions. This is known as

metabolism

homeostasis

heredity

cellular organization

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Question 341 pts

Which of the following is NOT considered to be one of the five basic properties shared among living organisms?

made of one or more cells

grow and reproduce

posses DNA

need oxygen to survive

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Question 351 pts

CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons) in the stratosphere cause:

global warming due to increased CO2

increase ozone levels by converting O2 to O3 and decreasing UV passage to Earth.

act as a catalyst to destroy ozone increasing UV passage to Earth.

increased ice crystal formation that cools the earth.

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Question 361 pts

The process by which traits are passed from parents to offspring is known as:

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Question 371 pts

Alcoholic fermentation occurs in muscle cells of the human body.

True

False

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Question 381 pts

If carbon has 6 protons and 6 neutrons, how many electrons must it have to be electrically neutral?

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Question 391 pts

The loss of an electron is known as _______; the gain of an electron is known as ________.

reduction; oxidation

transduction; adduction

oxidation; reduction

removal; addition

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Question 401 pts

Kinetic energy is the stored energy that can be used for motion.

True

blushfox941

Question 401 pts

Kinetic energy is the stored energy that can be used for motion.

True

False

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Question 411 pts

When an electron is transferred from one atom to another, and the two atoms are then electrically attracted to one another, a(n) ________________ bond is formed.

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Question 421 pts

Changing the number of ____________ of an atom would change the chemical properties of the atom.

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Question 431 pts

Forming molecules and breaking down molecules in biological organisms usually requires the use of _________ to help the reaction proceed faster.

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Question 441 pts

Organic molecules have a core composed of .

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Question 451 pts

The building blocks of carbohydrates are

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Question 461 pts

Water molecules crossing a membrane from high to low concentration is .

active transport

cell fate

facilitated diffusion

osmosis

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Question 471 pts

Choose the membrane molecule responsible for the passage of polar molecules and ions into and out of the cell.

phospholipids

transmembrane channel proteins

cell surface proteins

carbohydrate chains

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Question 481 pts

The simplest cells are .

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Question 491 pts

Which of the following membrane bound organelles are found inside bacterial cells:

nucleus

organelles are not found in prokaryotic cells

mitochondria

chloroplasts

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Question 501 pts

Which of the following is a specialized components of the cell, is associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and is responsible for making proteins.

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Question 511 pts

Proteins are sorted, modified, and packaged by the _____________ and later transported to the outside of the cell.

ribosomes

golgi bodies (golgi apparatus)

nucleus

mitochondria

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Question 521 pts

Dehydration synthesis is a process of linking two smaller subunits together to form a polymer. Which of the following statements below is true of dehydration synthesis?

Oxygen is consumed.

A water molecule is removed from the molecules.

A water molecule is added to the molecules

Carbon dioxide is given off.

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Question 531 pts

Proteins are made up of _________ held together by peptide bonds.

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Question 541 pts

Which of the following gives an amino acid its properties?

NH2

R Group or functional group

COOH

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Question 551 pts

The final three-dimensional shape of a protein that includes the bonding of two or more polypeptide chains is call its _____ structure.

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Question 561 pts

How do DNA and RNA differ?

all statements are differences between DNA and RNA.

DNA is double stranded while RNA is single stranded.

They have different sugars.

Thymine is present in DNA but not in RNA.

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Question 571 pts

Which of the following is a component of a DNA nucleotide?

phosphate

a nitrogen containing base

All are components of a nucleotide.

5-carbon sugar

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Question 581 pts

Cell membranes are made up of several different types of molecules. Select the membrane molecule below that is made up of a polar region and two non-polar fatty acid tails.

transmembrane proteins

carbohydrate chains

phospholipids

cell surface proteins

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Question 591 pts

Two organelles which are believed to have once been free-living bacterial cells are ____________ and ______________.

chloroplasts and mitochondria

golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum

ribosomes and nucleolus

peroxisomes and lysosomes

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