BIOL 205 Lecture Notes - Lecture 33: Chloroplast, Euglena, Cyanobacteria
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1. Which statement comparing chloroplasts and mitochondria is true?
Chloroplasts and mitochondria each contain two membranes. | |
None of these statements are true. | |
Chloroplasts pump protons outside the organelle, while mitochondria pump protons inside the inner part of the organelle. | |
Chloroplasts and mitochondria use electrons from NADH to create a proton gradient. | |
Chloroplasts and mitochondria use energy from a proton gradient to make ATP. |
2. Approximately how many more ATPs are made from one glucose molecule under aerobic conditions with oxidative phosphorylation than under anaerobic conditions?
104 | |
0 | |
2 | |
30 |
3. As a cyclic pathway, why doens't the citrate cycle stop functioning when citrate cycle intermediates are siphoned off for use by other pathways?
Heme degradation produces succinyl-CoA, which is sufficient to restore the downstream citrate cycle intermediates that may be lacking. | |
Citrate cycle intermediates are constantly imported into the mitochondria from the cytosol, so these metabolites are never in low abundance. | |
Anaplerotic reactions catalyze the formation of citrate cycle intermediates, which can then enter the citrate cycle and maintain a functioning pathway. | |
Oxaloacetate is the only citrate cycle intermediate that leaves the pathway, and it is replenished by pyruvate carboxylase. |