BIOL 331 Lecture Notes - Lecture 36: Wild Type, Brca1, Tumor Suppressor Gene

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rosefrog223

14 Apr 2018

School

University of Calgary

Department

Biology

Course

BIOL 331

Professor

Vanina Zaremberg

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Document Summary

Tumor suppressors are the brakes on the cell cycle and will be lost during cancerous progression. Proto-oncogenes are the accelerators on the cell cycle and will be activated to become oncogenes by point mutations during cancerous progression. Are genes that encode proteins that restrain cell growth. Regions of chromosomes containing ts are often deleted in cancer cells. Their absence is correlated with tumor formation. Transcription factors p53 ((cid:1688)guardian of the genome(cid:1689)) Cell cycle regulation prb (retinoblastoma protein) Always associated with a loss of function. Both copies of a tumor suppressor must be inactivated before cancer arises. In spontaneous mutation cases, the likelihood of both alleles receiving a mutation in the same somatic cell is very remote. In hereditary cases, every cell has one abnormal copy and the chance of a second mutation is quite high. Spontaneous because of things such as a change in the microenvironment.

Related Questions

B__1) Driver mutations provide a growth advantage to a tumor cell. Which type of mutation is known to accumulate in cancer cells but has no direct contribution to the cancer phenotype?

A) alteration mutations B) passenger mutations C) carrier mutations

D) indirect mutations E) insignificant mutations

_A__2) Which of the following general mechanisms appear to be involved in the formation of cancer cells?

A) genomic instability, DNA repair failure, chromatin modifications

B) inversions, operon formation, methylation

C) RNA failure, DNA phosphorylation, phosphorylation of adenyl cyclase

D) transdetermination, mutation, allosteric interactions

E) suppression, tabulation, projection

_A__3) What is the name of the protein that combines with cyclins to exert local control of the cell cycle?

A) cyclin-dependent kinase B) phosphatase C) ATPase D) integrase E) hexokinase

_D__4) A protein functions as a cell-cycle regulator that causes cell death (apoptosis) to a damaged cell. What is the symbol given to this protein?

A) p34 B) p102 C) cyclin D) p53 E) phosphokinase

_A__5) The retinoblastoma protein (pRB), like p53, serves as a(n) ________ in regulating the cell cycle.

A) tumor suppressor B) tumor enhancer C) up regulator D) oncogene E) pseudooncogene

_C__6) Mutant versions of genes that are normally involved in promoting the cell cycle are known as ________.

A) tumor suppressors B) proto-oncogenes C) oncogenes D) malignant genes E) attenuators

_B__7) In sporadic cases of retinoblastoma, how many gene mutations are thought to be necessary in the same cell for a tumor to develop?

A) one B) two C) four D) six

__D_8) What is the name of the protein that appears to regulate the entry of cells into an S phase? This protein is also known as the "guardian of the genome."

A) p34 B) p102 C) cyclin D) p53 E) phosphokinase

BIOL 331 Lecture Notes - Lecture 36: Wild Type, Brca1, Tumor Suppressor Gene

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