🏷️ LIMITED TIME OFFER: GET 20% OFF GRADE+ YEARLY SUBSCRIPTION →

HomeClass Notes1,200,000CA670,000

CMMB 461 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Systems Design, Cell Nucleus, Naked Mole-Rat

100 views8 pages

12 Sep 2018

School

University of Calgary

Department

Cellular, Molecular and Microbial Biology

Course

Professor

For unlimited access to Class Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

A gene is a dna sequence which is involved in making rna and proteins. It is essentially a certain section of base pairs of a genome. Example: genome is acgtagttcatgc the gene would be gtag. All genes don"t have to be the same number of base pairs long, for example the sequence for gene a could be 4 base pairs long, whereas the sequence for gene b could be 12 base pairs long. A genotype is the gene or genes inherited by an organism. Phenotypes are the visible traits of an organism, for example: body plan (number of limbs), hair colour, eye colour, behaviour, predisposition to illnesses/diseases (such as diabetes) A genome is the entire dna sequence (of base pairs) of an organism. Dna gets transcribed to make mrna, which gets translated to make proteins. Transcription is only possible in coding genes which then synthesize rna. In translation, coding rna help synthesize proteins. Transcription can be reversed, however translation cannot.

Related Documents

CMMB 461 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Antisense Rna, Reverse Genetics, Color Depth

CMMB 461 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Dna-Binding Domain, Transcription Preinitiation Complex, Tata Box

CMMB 461 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Restriction Digest, Complementary Dna, Chromosome

Related Questions

1) This question is a modification of Question 2.3, page 134, in a textbook Introduction to Bioinformatics by Arthur Lesk.

It is estimated that the human immune system can produce 10¹⁵ antibodies. Would it be feasible for such a large number of proteins each to be encoded entirely by a separate gene, with the diversity arising from gene duplication and divergence? A typical gene for an immune system biomolecule is ~2000 bp long. Show calculations to justify your answer.

To answer the question above you will need to find the size of the human genome. Do this using the databases at either NCBI or Ensembl. Use your chosen database's most recent reference assembly for the human genome. Give the size, and the URL (at either NCBI, Ensembl, or EBI) at which you found the size.

2) This is a modification of Question 2.1, page 132, in a textbook by Arthur Lesk.

According to the NCBI database, the size of the E. coli strain K12 substrain MG1655 reference genome is 4,641,652 bp. The overall base composition of the genome is A/T=49.2%, G/C=50.8%. In a random sequence of 4,641,652 nucleotides with these properties, what is the expected number of occurrences of the sequence CTAG? I.e. how many times would we expect to see the sequence CTAG in the E. coli genome due to random chance alone? Give your answer to the nearest integer.

What is DNA?

1. DNA is often referred to as a ladder. What pieces of the DNA molecule make up the rungs of the ladder (the steps)?

2. What pieces of the DNA molecule make up the sides of the ladder?

3. What types of bond occurs between the bases in the DNA molecule?

4. What makes up chromosomes? What is Gene?

5. How long does it take 1 cell to copy its genetic information? 6. How does the DNA copy itself so fast? What tricks does it use?

7. Describe how the bonds between base pairs work to hold the DNA strand together

DNA Replication

1. How many genes are in the human genome?

2. What are the differences between mRNA and DNA?

3. Where in the cell does transcription and translation occur? (give both places)

4. Which RNA piece reads the mRNA and how does it do this?

5. What is the start sequence? What amino acid does this code for?

6. What 3 codes tell ribosomal RNA to stop reading and release the protein?

DNA Extraction

1. List three differences between the virtual DNA extraction lab and the banana extraction lab you did last week.

My question is:

Do all strands of the same length have the same sequenceof base pairs? I wouldn't think so, and this would be a problem inthe next step, determining the sequence of one size fragment byusing special base pairs that are lacking a hydroxyl group. Isn'tit possible I could have two strands that are 50 base pairs long(for example) that have the same beginning and same end and arethus cut by the restriction enzymes to a length of 50, but are mostassuredly not the same within their sequence

The text says that once the different size strands are separatedby electrophoresis, you can just cut out one of the bands and workwith that. That makes sense if you are guaranteed to only have 1strand at that level of the gel agar or if the multiple strands areall the same exact sequence.

If you read this far, thank you. I think more generally I needto know how many of these segments are produced when you userestriction enzymes and how long the average one is. And is thereany guarantee for one chromosone (or all 46 chrmosones) having allthe segments be unique sizes (I wouldn't think so)?

And even more generally :), I need additional sources thatexplain DNA sequencing in simple to understand terms.