LING 201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Mental Representation, Sonorant, Vowel Length
15 Oct 2016
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Document Summary
Phonology- the system of contrasts and patterns involving speech sounds. Segments may have several variants, but only some are used to differentiate different words. Free variation- exists when a single word allows more than one pronunciation. I. e different pronunciations do not change the meaning of the word. E. g. been, either and either can all be pronounced in different ways but they have the same meaning. Minimal pairs- two words with distinct meanings that differ by only one segment in the same position. Complementary distribution- exists when two or more sounds occur in non-overlapping, mutually exclusive environments. Elsewhere condition describes the sound that occupies all conditions except the specific distributions of other sounds. Aspirated [t] only occurs in word-final position. Flaps only occur between two vowels, with the first bearing stress. [t] occurs in all other positions elsewhere. Phoneme- a class of phonetically similar sounds that do not contrast with each other. Shown in angled / / brackets- eg /u/
