BIOL 1080 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Chronobiology, Menstrual Cycle, Bone Density
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1g/cm2 would be 0, when bone density deviates + or 0 of that, (ex. 12g/cm2) that a change in t score by -1 (osteopenia) osteoporosis is -2. 5 or lower: osteoporosis occurs everywhere in the bone, open, porus bone = trabecular, cortical bone = more closed, both types of bone suffer from osteoporosis. Normal vs. osteoporotic bone: neck of femur and intraverterbral disks are the main sites of fracture. What can you do to maximize bone density as a 20-30 year old: 90+% of maximal bone density is achieved by age 20 in the average individual, 1. Consume sufficient calcium (food, supplementation), throughout adolescence and early adulthood: 2. Get adequate vitamin d (sun exposure, diet, and supplement: 3. Participate in weight bearing physical activity/exercise most days of the week: what can hinder maximal bone density, smoking, alcohol, caffeine, high phosphate, drugs e. g. corticosteroids. Bmal 1 and clock gene transcription - start whole process - make proteins: 2.
