BIOL 1090 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Hbb, Mitochondrion, Pseudoautosomal Region
25 Aug 2016
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Document Summary
Phenotype: expression of individual genes, may affect behavior. Final phenotype is a result of dna instructions and environmental influences. Ex: water flees developed in a way to make it harder for predators to attack. Variation results from random mutation, alleles that are created by mutations that circulate in the population. Every time a cell divides it copies its genome and mistakes are made. Population variation is the substrate on which natural selection acts. Population genetics: frequency of different mutations in populations. Each subunit is a nucleotide comprised of: a phosphate group, a 5 carbon sugar (2-deoxyribose) and 1 of 4 cyclic nitrogenous bases. Purine and pyrimidine nucleotides in polynucleotide chains are connected by phosphodiester bonds. Higher g,c bond, the harder it is to melt (higher temp needed) Each strand of dna has chemical polarity: 5" end has a free phosphate group. 3" end has a free hydroxyl group. Strands held together by hydrogen bonds b/w bases on opposing strands.
