CHEM 1040 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Reaction Quotient, Joule, Partial Pressure
11 Dec 2016
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Document Summary
Thermodynamics is described in terms of 3 laws. A physical / chemical change that occurs by itself, without requiring an outside force. A measure of how dispersed the energy of a system is among the different possible ways that system can contain energy. Entropy of a system + its surroundings increases in a spontaneous process. Quantity of entropy depends on pressure & temp. Total entropy of a system & its surroundings always increase for a spontaneous process. The enthalpy value for the standard state of the species for a substance, standard state = pure substance at 1 atm for a species in solution, the standard state = 1 m solution. Entropy increases in the following situations: a molecule is broken down into two or more smaller ones, there is an increase in moles of gas, a solid changes to liquid / gas or a liquid changes to gas.
