CIS 2050 Lecture Notes - Lecture 7: Home Automation, Wind Chill, Assisted Living
2 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Describe design technologies using apps, hand-held
devices and commercial computing-related products and
their usage
1.
Identify the motivating technology that facilitates these
changes in consumer computing-related products
2.
Describe briefly the design trade-offs, and the data flows
from one phase of the algorithm to another
3.
Examine and explain the issues and problems regarding
the use of the Internet-of-Things and Bluetooth
technology
4.
Analyze how the Internet-of-Things and Bluetooth
technology can connect many household products using
the internet
5.
Learning Outcomes:
Computing technologies have invaded the consumer
markets in the forms of things such as smart TVs,
refrigerators and other personal items
!
These consumer products may be connected as multiple
devices on the web and exchange information using the
internet to solve a problem
!
For example, a "smart-house" can incorporate devices that
control different functioning of the house, in daily tasks
such as cooking, temperature, humidity control, and door-
and-window security
!
This can be difficult as different devices are updates
and new devices are added to the network
○
In order to connect these devices together, it is essential
that the protocol used in the communication is compatible
!
The development of the Internet-of-Things and new
standard for Bluetooth connections may create potentials
for consumers, but may create other problems such as
privacy concern, inter-connectivity and reliability
!
Key Points:
Short-range radio breaks technical ground: can run
for years on batteries or scavenged power
○
It is a leading candidate to connect the "Internet of
Things"
○
Core specification 4.0 includes Bluetooth Low-Energy
(BLE) technology or Bluetooth Smart
!
Connects to the things we carry around with us
(watches, health/fitness accessories, body sensors)
○
Allows us to access the things around us (tags for
location, tags and keys, home automation
sensors/actuators)
○
Provides communication within a system
○
Connects to anything that has intrinsic data to the
Internet
○
What is Bluetooth Smart good for -designed for very low
power, at low duty cycle
!
Hands free profile
○
Advanced audio distribution profile
○
Human interface devices
○
Health devices profile
○
Communication with car kits
○
In traditional Bluetooth, there are sets of defined
applications:
!
Applications for watches
○
Applications for fitness
○
Applications for health
○
Applications for tags
○
Automatic I/O (allows for simple sensing and
actuator controls for analog and digital inputs)
○
Generation of new markets:
!
Elevation, atmospheric pressure, temperature,
humidity, wind speed, wind direction, gust factor,
pollen, UV index, solar power intensity, rainfall,
wind chill, heat index, dew point
○
Environmental sensing
!
Bluetooth Smart GATT profile is designed so that it
is possible for a design to build devices that are
narrowly compatible with a particular standard
service or profile
○
Each standard service and characteristic uses 16-b
UUIDs to identify itself
○
Proprietary Implementations:
!
Combination of simplicity and low power makes
Bluetooth Smart an obvious candidate to implement
the Internet of Things
○
Consumer electronics shows
!
World Forum on the Internet of things
!
ETSI one M2M
!
Examples:
○
Phone accessories: >10 billion
!
Smart energy: ~1 billion
!
Home automation: >5 billion
!
Health, wellness, sports, fitness: >10 billion
!
Assisted living: >5 billion
!
Animal tagging: >3 billion
!
Agricultural monitoring: >1 billion
!
Intelligent transport systems: ~1 billion
!
M2M (internet connected devices): >10
billion
!
Toys: >10 billion
!
Estimated total available on market exceeds billions
○
Market Size:
!
First user enables Bluetooth Smart Proximity
detection in their office/meeting room/movie theatre
○
Lights turn on when you walk in the room,
turn off when you leave
!
House would open itself up when you arrive
and lock when you leave
!
Alarms automatically shut off when you are
moving
!
Computer or phone may turn on when it
detects you are nearby
!
Presence can be used in many ways:
○
Can keep track of things
○
Example Use: Proximity
!
Note: Bluetooth Smart has a small marginal cost
compared to classic Bluetooth, so mobile phone
industry started using Bluetooth-Smart-compatible
hardware in mid-2010
○
To enable Smart-ready capability need to include
ability to download new applications and expose an
applications programming interface (API) so that
downloaded applications can access the Bluetooth
Smart hardware
○
These enable markers for "appcessories"
○
Smart-Ready System:
!
It has haptic sensors to keep track of daily activity
○
Example of Appcessory: My Fitbit
!
Internet client reaches through a gateway to a
Bluetooth Smart device
○
Bluetooth Smart device acting as a client can reach
through an Internet gateway to servers in the Cloud
○
A Bluetooth Smart device contains an IPv6 stack
○
Internet Gateways:
!
Server exposes state, client makes use of that
state
!
Bluetooth Attribute Protocol and GATT Profile are
designed for client-server relations
○
Generic access profile -finding and
connecting to Smart Servers
!
GATT profile -finding and using servicers
and characteristics in a Smart Server
!
Bluetooth Special Interest Group has been
developing a pair of RESTful APIs for Bluetooth
Smart
○
Gateway containing RESTful (representational state
transfer) APIs will be sufficient to support use cases
!
Discover attributes (by handle or by type; UUID)
○
Read attributes
○
Write attributes
○
Notify attribute without confirmation
!
Indicate attribute with confirmation
!
Supports:
○
Bluetooth Smart Functions to Support in a Gateway:
!
Gateway device has connection to the Internet
○
Each node will have a 48-b MAC address
!
Each gateway device may have one or more
Bluetooth Smart nodes connected
○
Each service has an identifying UUID
!
An entire service is delimited by a pair of 16-
b handles
!
Each node with have one or more embedded
services
○
Each service shall include one or more
characteristics and may contain secondary services
○
Each characteristic may include one or more
descriptors
!
Each characteristic is identified by a UUID and
contains a value
○
Each descriptor has a UUID and a value
○
Architectural Layers:
!
{command} -given to http program
○
<gateway> -root universal resource identifier (URI)
○
Node -program that manages Smart devices
○
<node> -name of particular Smart device
○
Service -program that manages services
○
<services> -name of particular service
○
Characteristic -program that manager
characteristics for a given service
○
<characteristic> -name of particular characteristic
○
Descriptor -program that manages descriptors
○
Value -program that manages characteristic and
descriptor values
○
{GET|PUT|EventSource}
http://<gateway./node/<node>/service/<servic
e>/characteristic/<characteristic>/value
!
Ex.
○
RESTful API general form:
!
GET
http://<gateway>/node/<node>/service/priorit
y=1
!
Find primary service given the URI for a <gateway>
and a connected smart device
○
GET
http://<gateway>/node/<node>/service/<servi
ce>/characteristic/<characteristic>/value
!
Read a characteristic value
○
PUT
http://<gateway>/node/<node>/service/<servi
ce>/characteristic/<characteristic>/value
!
Write a characteristic value
○
PUT
http://<gateway>/node/<node>/service/<servi
ce>/characteristic/<characteristic?notify=1
!
Enable characteristic notifications
○
GET
http://<gateway>/node/<node>/service/<servi
ce>/characteristic/<characteristic>/value?
indicate=1
!
Get last characteristic indication
○
RESTful GATT API
!
Bluetooth SIG is preparing specification for
Automation IO Service and Automation IO Profile
○
Digital inputs and outputs
!
Analog inputs and outputs
!
Aggregate inputs
!
Five kinds of I/O Ports:
○
Apply a RESTful GATT API to home management
application:
!
<gateway> = "issaquah" (author home)
○
Home management node = "housemgr"
○
Automation IO service = "home"
○
Single digital input = "alarm"
○
Single digital output = "lock"
○
Single analog input = "temp-sense"
○
Single analog output = "temp-set"
○
GET
http://issaquah/node/housemgr/service?
priority=1
"
Find services in home
!
GET
http://issaquah/node/housemgr/service/h
ome/characteristic/alarm/value
"
Read alarm status
!
PUT
http://issaquah/node/housemgr/service/h
ome/characteristic/lock/value/1
"
Lock Doors
!
GET
http://issaquah/node/housemgr/service/h
ome/characteristic/temp-sense/value
"
Read Current Temp
!
PUT
http://issaquah/node/housemgr/ser
vice/home/characteristic/temp-
set/value/<value>
"
Read Current Temp
"
Set desired temp
!
Applying RESTful GATT API:
○
Define a home automation: example
!
Read: Introducing Bluetooth smart. Part II: applications and
updates
Each thing is uniquely identifiable through its
embedded computing system but is able to inter-
operate within the existing Internet infrastructure
○
Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical
devices, vehicles, home appliances, and other items
embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators,
and connectivity which enables these objects to connect
and exchange data
!
When IoT is augmented with sensors and actuators,
the technology becomes an instance of the more
general class of cyber-physical systems, which also
encompasses technologies such as smart grids,
virtual power plants, smart homes, intelligent
transportation and smart cities
○
IoT allows objects to be sensed or controlled remotely
across existing network infrastructure, creating
opportunities for more direct integration of the physical
world into computer-based systems, and resulting in
improved efficiency, accuracy and economic benefit in
addition to reduced human intervention
!
Regard "things" as an "inextricable mixture of
hardware, software, data and service"
○
These devices collect useful data with the help of
various existing technologies and then
autonomously flow the data between other devices
○
"Things" in IoT can refer to a wide variety of devices such
as heart monitoring implants, biochip transponders on
farm animals, cameras streaming live feeds of wild
animals in coastal waters, automobiles with built-in
sensors, DNA analysis devices for monitoring, or field
operation devices that assist firefighters in search and
rescue operations
!
Smart home
!
Applications
!
Consumers
○
Media
!
Enterprise
○
Manufacturing
!
Agriculture
!
Energy Management
!
Environmental Monitoring
!
Building and home automation
!
Metropolitan scale deployments
!
Infrastructure Management
○
Medical and healthcare
!
Transportation
!
Other Fields
○
Applications:
!
RFID tags for facilitation routing, inventorying and
loss prevention
○
Surveillance, security, healthcare, transport, food
safety, document management
○
Locating people and every devices
○
Teleoperation and telepresence: ability to monitor
and control distant objects
○
Trends
!
Intelligence
○
Network
!
Architecture
○
Complexity
○
Size and space consideration
○
Characteristics:
!
Addressability
○
Short-range wireless
○
Medium-range wireless
○
Long-range wireless
○
Wired
○
Enabling Technologies
!
Platform fragmentation
○
Privacy, autonomy, and control
○
Data storage and analytics
○
Security
○
Design
○
Environmental sustainability
○
Intentional obsolescence of devices
○
Confusing terminology
○
Criticism and Controversies
!
Lack of interoperability and unclear value
propositions
○
Privacy and security concerns
○
Traditional governance structures
○
Lack of solid business models
○
Adoption Barriers
!
#$$%&'(()*+,-.-%)/-0+123(,-.-(4*$)2*)$5165$#-*3&!
Read: Internet of Things (Wikipedia)
Small, portable robot must be affordable but also usable
!
$150
○
Uses video camera on devices to track you and
show emotion
○
Control the robot from moving him around
and adjust camera angles
!
Can express yourself through his emotions
!
Can connect him from any device and see robot's
view of the world
○
Completely intuitive
○
Do not need to be in same geographical location to
control him
○
Romo -uses your iPhone has his brain by leveraging the
power of the phone's processor
!
Can share over the internet so robots can learn from
each other --> personality
○
Robot as a manifestation of your own personality
○
Can create behaviour for the robot, simulate it in browser
and if you like it can download it onto the robot
!
Future of personal robotics is happening today
!
Watch: Mini robot-powered by your phone
stories can be told through data
!
by taking ownership of your data you can become the
expert or authority of your body
!
Power through person data collection
!
Watch: Own your body's data
Innovation out of necessity
!
Real innovation = problem solving
!
Ex. Payment system in Africa using SMS on cell phones
!
Atelum -medication: send code via SMS and it tells
you if it is expired
○
Gold of today is mobile
!
Solving the world's problems
○
Innovation over the edge: Africa is mobile-only
!
Watch: You don't need an app for that
Involves the network of physical objects, often
embedded with electronics, software, sensors and
connectivity to enable the objects to exchange data
to perform certain function
○
What is the Internet-of-Things?1.
The interactivities between household devices may
create more functions that the individual device may
not be able to provide
○
When the devices are connected and brought
to the awareness of the personal physician
remotely, a better and timely health care
might be provided
!
Ex. Multiple medical devices used by a consumer
may provide a more complete picture of the state of
health of the person
○
Describe the benefits of connecting consumer devices to
each other using the Internet?
2.
Questions:
Consumer Electronics and Media
7)/*)&/089: ;)<2=028:>?9:>@A?
A'AB:CD
Describe design technologies using apps, hand-held
devices and commercial computing-related products and
their usage
1.
Identify the motivating technology that facilitates these
changes in consumer computing-related products
2.
Describe briefly the design trade-offs, and the data flows
from one phase of the algorithm to another
3.
Examine and explain the issues and problems regarding
the use of the Internet-of-Things and Bluetooth
technology
4.
Analyze how the Internet-of-Things and Bluetooth
technology can connect many household products using
the internet
5.
Learning Outcomes:
Computing technologies have invaded the consumer
markets in the forms of things such as smart TVs,
refrigerators and other personal items
!
These consumer products may be connected as multiple
devices on the web and exchange information using the
internet to solve a problem
!
For example, a "smart-house" can incorporate devices that
control different functioning of the house, in daily tasks
such as cooking, temperature, humidity control, and door-
and-window security
!
This can be difficult as different devices are updates
and new devices are added to the network
○
In order to connect these devices together, it is essential
that the protocol used in the communication is compatible
!
The development of the Internet-of-Things and new
standard for Bluetooth connections may create potentials
for consumers, but may create other problems such as
privacy concern, inter-connectivity and reliability
!
Key Points:
Short-range radio breaks technical ground: can run
for years on batteries or scavenged power
○
It is a leading candidate to connect the "Internet of
Things"
○
Core specification 4.0 includes Bluetooth Low-Energy
(BLE) technology or Bluetooth Smart
!
Connects to the things we carry around with us
(watches, health/fitness accessories, body sensors)
○
Allows us to access the things around us (tags for
location, tags and keys, home automation
sensors/actuators)
○
Provides communication within a system
○
Connects to anything that has intrinsic data to the
Internet
○
What is Bluetooth Smart good for -designed for very low
power, at low duty cycle
!
Hands free profile
○
Advanced audio distribution profile
○
Human interface devices
○
Health devices profile
○
Communication with car kits
○
In traditional Bluetooth, there are sets of defined
applications:
!
Applications for watches
○
Applications for fitness
○
Applications for health
○
Applications for tags
○
Automatic I/O (allows for simple sensing and
actuator controls for analog and digital inputs)
○
Generation of new markets:
!
Elevation, atmospheric pressure, temperature,
humidity, wind speed, wind direction, gust factor,
pollen, UV index, solar power intensity, rainfall,
wind chill, heat index, dew point
○
Environmental sensing
!
Bluetooth Smart GATT profile is designed so that it
is possible for a design to build devices that are
narrowly compatible with a particular standard
service or profile
○
Each standard service and characteristic uses 16-b
UUIDs to identify itself
○
Proprietary Implementations:
!
Combination of simplicity and low power makes
Bluetooth Smart an obvious candidate to implement
the Internet of Things
○
Consumer electronics shows
!
World Forum on the Internet of things
!
ETSI one M2M
!
Examples:
○
Phone accessories: >10 billion
!
Smart energy: ~1 billion
!
Home automation: >5 billion
!
Health, wellness, sports, fitness: >10 billion
!
Assisted living: >5 billion
!
Animal tagging: >3 billion
!
Agricultural monitoring: >1 billion
!
Intelligent transport systems: ~1 billion
!
M2M (internet connected devices): >10
billion
!
Toys: >10 billion
!
Estimated total available on market exceeds billions
○
Market Size:
!
First user enables Bluetooth Smart Proximity
detection in their office/meeting room/movie theatre
○
Lights turn on when you walk in the room,
turn off when you leave
!
House would open itself up when you arrive
and lock when you leave
!
Alarms automatically shut off when you are
moving
!
Computer or phone may turn on when it
detects you are nearby
!
Presence can be used in many ways:
○
Can keep track of things
○
Example Use: Proximity
!
Note: Bluetooth Smart has a small marginal cost
compared to classic Bluetooth, so mobile phone
industry started using Bluetooth-Smart-compatible
hardware in mid-2010
○
To enable Smart-ready capability need to include
ability to download new applications and expose an
applications programming interface (API) so that
downloaded applications can access the Bluetooth
Smart hardware
○
These enable markers for "appcessories"
○
Smart-Ready System:
!
It has haptic sensors to keep track of daily activity
○
Example of Appcessory: My Fitbit
!
Internet client reaches through a gateway to a
Bluetooth Smart device
○
Bluetooth Smart device acting as a client can reach
through an Internet gateway to servers in the Cloud
○
A Bluetooth Smart device contains an IPv6 stack
○
Internet Gateways:
!
Server exposes state, client makes use of that
state
!
Bluetooth Attribute Protocol and GATT Profile are
designed for client-server relations
○
Generic access profile -finding and
connecting to Smart Servers
!
GATT profile -finding and using servicers
and characteristics in a Smart Server
!
Bluetooth Special Interest Group has been
developing a pair of RESTful APIs for Bluetooth
Smart
○
Gateway containing RESTful (representational state
transfer) APIs will be sufficient to support use cases
!
Discover attributes (by handle or by type; UUID)
○
Read attributes
○
Write attributes
○
Notify attribute without confirmation
!
Indicate attribute with confirmation
!
Supports:
○
Bluetooth Smart Functions to Support in a Gateway:
!
Gateway device has connection to the Internet
○
Each node will have a 48-b MAC address
!
Each gateway device may have one or more
Bluetooth Smart nodes connected
○
Each service has an identifying UUID
!
An entire service is delimited by a pair of 16-
b handles
!
Each node with have one or more embedded
services
○
Each service shall include one or more
characteristics and may contain secondary services
○
Each characteristic may include one or more
descriptors
!
Each characteristic is identified by a UUID and
contains a value
○
Each descriptor has a UUID and a value
○
Architectural Layers:
!
{command} -given to http program
○
<gateway> -root universal resource identifier (URI)
○
Node -program that manages Smart devices
○
<node> -name of particular Smart device
○
Service -program that manages services
○
<services> -name of particular service
○
Characteristic -program that manager
characteristics for a given service
○
<characteristic> -name of particular characteristic
○
Descriptor -program that manages descriptors
○
Value -program that manages characteristic and
descriptor values
○
{GET|PUT|EventSource}
http://<gateway./node/<node>/service/<servic
e>/characteristic/<characteristic>/value
!
Ex.
○
RESTful API general form:
!
GET
http://<gateway>/node/<node>/service/priorit
y=1
!
Find primary service given the URI for a <gateway>
and a connected smart device
○
GET
http://<gateway>/node/<node>/service/<servi
ce>/characteristic/<characteristic>/value
!
Read a characteristic value
○
PUT
http://<gateway>/node/<node>/service/<servi
ce>/characteristic/<characteristic>/value
!
Write a characteristic value
○
PUT
http://<gateway>/node/<node>/service/<servi
ce>/characteristic/<characteristic?notify=1
!
Enable characteristic notifications
○
GET
http://<gateway>/node/<node>/service/<servi
ce>/characteristic/<characteristic>/value?
indicate=1
!
Get last characteristic indication
○
RESTful GATT API
!
Bluetooth SIG is preparing specification for
Automation IO Service and Automation IO Profile
○
Digital inputs and outputs
!
Analog inputs and outputs
!
Aggregate inputs
!
Five kinds of I/O Ports:
○
Apply a RESTful GATT API to home management
application:
!
<gateway> = "issaquah" (author home)
○
Home management node = "housemgr"
○
Automation IO service = "home"
○
Single digital input = "alarm"
○
Single digital output = "lock"
○
Single analog input = "temp-sense"
○
Single analog output = "temp-set"
○
GET
http://issaquah/node/housemgr/service?
priority=1
"
Find services in home
!
GET
http://issaquah/node/housemgr/service/h
ome/characteristic/alarm/value
"
Read alarm status
!
PUT
http://issaquah/node/housemgr/service/h
ome/characteristic/lock/value/1
"
Lock Doors
!
GET
http://issaquah/node/housemgr/service/h
ome/characteristic/temp-sense/value
"
Read Current Temp
!
PUT
http://issaquah/node/housemgr/ser
vice/home/characteristic/temp-
set/value/<value>
"
Read Current Temp
"
Set desired temp
!
Applying RESTful GATT API:
○
Define a home automation: example
!
Read: Introducing Bluetooth smart. Part II: applications and
updates
Each thing is uniquely identifiable through its
embedded computing system but is able to inter-
operate within the existing Internet infrastructure
○
Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical
devices, vehicles, home appliances, and other items
embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators,
and connectivity which enables these objects to connect
and exchange data
!
When IoT is augmented with sensors and actuators,
the technology becomes an instance of the more
general class of cyber-physical systems, which also
encompasses technologies such as smart grids,
virtual power plants, smart homes, intelligent
transportation and smart cities
○
IoT allows objects to be sensed or controlled remotely
across existing network infrastructure, creating
opportunities for more direct integration of the physical
world into computer-based systems, and resulting in
improved efficiency, accuracy and economic benefit in
addition to reduced human intervention
!
Regard "things" as an "inextricable mixture of
hardware, software, data and service"
○
These devices collect useful data with the help of
various existing technologies and then
autonomously flow the data between other devices
○
"Things" in IoT can refer to a wide variety of devices such
as heart monitoring implants, biochip transponders on
farm animals, cameras streaming live feeds of wild
animals in coastal waters, automobiles with built-in
sensors, DNA analysis devices for monitoring, or field
operation devices that assist firefighters in search and
rescue operations
!
Smart home
!
Applications
!
Consumers
○
Media
!
Enterprise
○
Manufacturing
!
Agriculture
!
Energy Management
!
Environmental Monitoring
!
Building and home automation
!
Metropolitan scale deployments
!
Infrastructure Management
○
Medical and healthcare
!
Transportation
!
Other Fields
○
Applications:
!
RFID tags for facilitation routing, inventorying and
loss prevention
○
Surveillance, security, healthcare, transport, food
safety, document management
○
Locating people and every devices
○
Teleoperation and telepresence: ability to monitor
and control distant objects
○
Trends
!
Intelligence
○
Network
!
Architecture
○
Complexity
○
Size and space consideration
○
Characteristics:
!
Addressability
○
Short-range wireless
○
Medium-range wireless
○
Long-range wireless
○
Wired
○
Enabling Technologies
!
Platform fragmentation
○
Privacy, autonomy, and control
○
Data storage and analytics
○
Security
○
Design
○
Environmental sustainability
○
Intentional obsolescence of devices
○
Confusing terminology
○
Criticism and Controversies
!
Lack of interoperability and unclear value
propositions
○
Privacy and security concerns
○
Traditional governance structures
○
Lack of solid business models
○
Adoption Barriers
!
#$$%&'(()*+,-.-%)/-0+123(,-.-(4*$)2*)$5165$#-*3&!
Read: Internet of Things (Wikipedia)
Small, portable robot must be affordable but also usable
!
$150
○
Uses video camera on devices to track you and
show emotion
○
Control the robot from moving him around
and adjust camera angles
!
Can express yourself through his emotions
!
Can connect him from any device and see robot's
view of the world
○
Completely intuitive
○
Do not need to be in same geographical location to
control him
○
Romo -uses your iPhone has his brain by leveraging the
power of the phone's processor
!
Can share over the internet so robots can learn from
each other --> personality
○
Robot as a manifestation of your own personality
○
Can create behaviour for the robot, simulate it in browser
and if you like it can download it onto the robot
!
Future of personal robotics is happening today
!
Watch: Mini robot-powered by your phone
stories can be told through data
!
by taking ownership of your data you can become the
expert or authority of your body
!
Power through person data collection
!
Watch: Own your body's data
Innovation out of necessity
!
Real innovation = problem solving
!
Ex. Payment system in Africa using SMS on cell phones
!
Atelum -medication: send code via SMS and it tells
you if it is expired
○
Gold of today is mobile
!
Solving the world's problems
○
Innovation over the edge: Africa is mobile-only
!
Watch: You don't need an app for that
Involves the network of physical objects, often
embedded with electronics, software, sensors and
connectivity to enable the objects to exchange data
to perform certain function
○
What is the Internet-of-Things?1.
The interactivities between household devices may
create more functions that the individual device may
not be able to provide
○
When the devices are connected and brought
to the awareness of the personal physician
remotely, a better and timely health care
might be provided
!
Ex. Multiple medical devices used by a consumer
may provide a more complete picture of the state of
health of the person
○
Describe the benefits of connecting consumer devices to
each other using the Internet?
2.
Questions:
Consumer Electronics and Media
7)/*)&/089: ;)<2=028:>?9:>@A? A'AB:CD
Describe design technologies using apps, hand-held
devices and commercial computing-related products and
their usage
1.
Identify the motivating technology that facilitates these
changes in consumer computing-related products
2.
Describe briefly the design trade-offs, and the data flows
from one phase of the algorithm to another
3.
Examine and explain the issues and problems regarding
the use of the Internet-of-Things and Bluetooth
technology
4.
Analyze how the Internet-of-Things and Bluetooth
technology can connect many household products using
the internet
5.
Learning Outcomes:
Computing technologies have invaded the consumer
markets in the forms of things such as smart TVs,
refrigerators and other personal items
!
These consumer products may be connected as multiple
devices on the web and exchange information using the
internet to solve a problem
!
For example, a "smart-house" can incorporate devices that
control different functioning of the house, in daily tasks
such as cooking, temperature, humidity control, and door-
and-window security
!
This can be difficult as different devices are updates
and new devices are added to the network
○
In order to connect these devices together, it is essential
that the protocol used in the communication is compatible
!
The development of the Internet-of-Things and new
standard for Bluetooth connections may create potentials
for consumers, but may create other problems such as
privacy concern, inter-connectivity and reliability
!
Key Points:
Short-range radio breaks technical ground: can run
for years on batteries or scavenged power
○
It is a leading candidate to connect the "Internet of
Things"
○
Core specification 4.0 includes Bluetooth Low-Energy
(BLE) technology or Bluetooth Smart
!
Connects to the things we carry around with us
(watches, health/fitness accessories, body sensors)
○
Allows us to access the things around us (tags for
location, tags and keys, home automation
sensors/actuators)
○
Provides communication within a system
○
Connects to anything that has intrinsic data to the
Internet
○
What is Bluetooth Smart good for -designed for very low
power, at low duty cycle
!
Hands free profile
○
Advanced audio distribution profile
○
Human interface devices
○
Health devices profile
○
Communication with car kits
○
In traditional Bluetooth, there are sets of defined
applications:
!
Applications for watches
○
Applications for fitness
○
Applications for health
○
Applications for tags
○
Automatic I/O (allows for simple sensing and
actuator controls for analog and digital inputs)
○
Generation of new markets:
!
Elevation, atmospheric pressure, temperature,
humidity, wind speed, wind direction, gust factor,
pollen, UV index, solar power intensity, rainfall,
wind chill, heat index, dew point
○
Environmental sensing
!
Bluetooth Smart GATT profile is designed so that it
is possible for a design to build devices that are
narrowly compatible with a particular standard
service or profile
○
Each standard service and characteristic uses 16-b
UUIDs to identify itself
○
Proprietary Implementations:
!
Combination of simplicity and low power makes
Bluetooth Smart an obvious candidate to implement
the Internet of Things
○
Consumer electronics shows
!
World Forum on the Internet of things
!
ETSI one M2M
!
Examples:
○
Phone accessories: >10 billion
!
Smart energy: ~1 billion
!
Home automation: >5 billion
!
Health, wellness, sports, fitness: >10 billion
!
Assisted living: >5 billion
!
Animal tagging: >3 billion
!
Agricultural monitoring: >1 billion
!
Intelligent transport systems: ~1 billion
!
M2M (internet connected devices): >10
billion
!
Toys: >10 billion
!
Estimated total available on market exceeds billions
○
Market Size:
!
First user enables Bluetooth Smart Proximity
detection in their office/meeting room/movie theatre
○
Lights turn on when you walk in the room,
turn off when you leave
!
House would open itself up when you arrive
and lock when you leave
!
Alarms automatically shut off when you are
moving
!
Computer or phone may turn on when it
detects you are nearby
!
Presence can be used in many ways:
○
Can keep track of things
○
Example Use: Proximity
!
Note: Bluetooth Smart has a small marginal cost
compared to classic Bluetooth, so mobile phone
industry started using Bluetooth-Smart-compatible
hardware in mid-2010
○
To enable Smart-ready capability need to include
ability to download new applications and expose an
applications programming interface (API) so that
downloaded applications can access the Bluetooth
Smart hardware
○
These enable markers for "appcessories"
○
Smart-Ready System:
!
It has haptic sensors to keep track of daily activity
○
Example of Appcessory: My Fitbit
!
Internet client reaches through a gateway to a
Bluetooth Smart device
○
Bluetooth Smart device acting as a client can reach
through an Internet gateway to servers in the Cloud
○
A Bluetooth Smart device contains an IPv6 stack
○
Internet Gateways:
!
Server exposes state, client makes use of that
state
!
Bluetooth Attribute Protocol and GATT Profile are
designed for client-server relations
○
Generic access profile -finding and
connecting to Smart Servers
!
GATT profile -finding and using servicers
and characteristics in a Smart Server
!
Bluetooth Special Interest Group has been
developing a pair of RESTful APIs for Bluetooth
Smart
○
Gateway containing RESTful (representational state
transfer) APIs will be sufficient to support use cases
!
Discover attributes (by handle or by type; UUID)
○
Read attributes
○
Write attributes
○
Notify attribute without confirmation
!
Indicate attribute with confirmation
!
Supports:
○
Bluetooth Smart Functions to Support in a Gateway:
!
Gateway device has connection to the Internet
○
Each node will have a 48-b MAC address
!
Each gateway device may have one or more
Bluetooth Smart nodes connected
○
Each service has an identifying UUID
!
An entire service is delimited by a pair of 16-
b handles
!
Each node with have one or more embedded
services
○
Each service shall include one or more
characteristics and may contain secondary services
○
Each characteristic may include one or more
descriptors
!
Each characteristic is identified by a UUID and
contains a value
○
Each descriptor has a UUID and a value
○
Architectural Layers:
!
{command} -given to http program
○
<gateway> -root universal resource identifier (URI)
○
Node -program that manages Smart devices
○
<node> -name of particular Smart device
○
Service -program that manages services
○
<services> -name of particular service
○
Characteristic -program that manager
characteristics for a given service
○
<characteristic> -name of particular characteristic
○
Descriptor -program that manages descriptors
○
Value -program that manages characteristic and
descriptor values
○
{GET|PUT|EventSource}
http://<gateway./node/<node>/service/<servic
e>/characteristic/<characteristic>/value
!
Ex.
○
RESTful API general form:
!
GET
http://<gateway>/node/<node>/service/priorit
y=1
!
Find primary service given the URI for a <gateway>
and a connected smart device
○
GET
http://<gateway>/node/<node>/service/<servi
ce>/characteristic/<characteristic>/value
!
Read a characteristic value
○
PUT
http://<gateway>/node/<node>/service/<servi
ce>/characteristic/<characteristic>/value
!
Write a characteristic value
○
PUT
http://<gateway>/node/<node>/service/<servi
ce>/characteristic/<characteristic?notify=1
!
Enable characteristic notifications
○
GET
http://<gateway>/node/<node>/service/<servi
ce>/characteristic/<characteristic>/value?
indicate=1
!
Get last characteristic indication
○
RESTful GATT API
!
Bluetooth SIG is preparing specification for
Automation IO Service and Automation IO Profile
○
Digital inputs and outputs
!
Analog inputs and outputs
!
Aggregate inputs
!
Five kinds of I/O Ports:
○
Apply a RESTful GATT API to home management
application:
!
<gateway> = "issaquah" (author home)
○
Home management node = "housemgr"
○
Automation IO service = "home"
○
Single digital input = "alarm"
○
Single digital output = "lock"
○
Single analog input = "temp-sense"
○
Single analog output = "temp-set"
○
GET
http://issaquah/node/housemgr/service?
priority=1
"
Find services in home
!
GET
http://issaquah/node/housemgr/service/h
ome/characteristic/alarm/value
"
Read alarm status
!
PUT
http://issaquah/node/housemgr/service/h
ome/characteristic/lock/value/1
"
Lock Doors
!
GET
http://issaquah/node/housemgr/service/h
ome/characteristic/temp-sense/value
"
Read Current Temp
!
PUT
http://issaquah/node/housemgr/ser
vice/home/characteristic/temp-
set/value/<value>
"
Read Current Temp
"
Set desired temp
!
Applying RESTful GATT API:
○
Define a home automation: example
!
Read: Introducing Bluetooth smart. Part II: applications and
updates
Each thing is uniquely identifiable through its
embedded computing system but is able to inter-
operate within the existing Internet infrastructure
○
Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical
devices, vehicles, home appliances, and other items
embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators,
and connectivity which enables these objects to connect
and exchange data
!
When IoT is augmented with sensors and actuators,
the technology becomes an instance of the more
general class of cyber-physical systems, which also
encompasses technologies such as smart grids,
virtual power plants, smart homes, intelligent
transportation and smart cities
○
IoT allows objects to be sensed or controlled remotely
across existing network infrastructure, creating
opportunities for more direct integration of the physical
world into computer-based systems, and resulting in
improved efficiency, accuracy and economic benefit in
addition to reduced human intervention
!
Regard "things" as an "inextricable mixture of
hardware, software, data and service"
○
These devices collect useful data with the help of
various existing technologies and then
autonomously flow the data between other devices
○
"Things" in IoT can refer to a wide variety of devices such
as heart monitoring implants, biochip transponders on
farm animals, cameras streaming live feeds of wild
animals in coastal waters, automobiles with built-in
sensors, DNA analysis devices for monitoring, or field
operation devices that assist firefighters in search and
rescue operations
!
Smart home
!
Applications
!
Consumers
○
Media
!
Enterprise
○
Manufacturing
!
Agriculture
!
Energy Management
!
Environmental Monitoring
!
Building and home automation
!
Metropolitan scale deployments
!
Infrastructure Management
○
Medical and healthcare
!
Transportation
!
Other Fields
○
Applications:
!
RFID tags for facilitation routing, inventorying and
loss prevention
○
Surveillance, security, healthcare, transport, food
safety, document management
○
Locating people and every devices
○
Teleoperation and telepresence: ability to monitor
and control distant objects
○
Trends
!
Intelligence
○
Network
!
Architecture
○
Complexity
○
Size and space consideration
○
Characteristics:
!
Addressability
○
Short-range wireless
○
Medium-range wireless
○
Long-range wireless
○
Wired
○
Enabling Technologies
!
Platform fragmentation
○
Privacy, autonomy, and control
○
Data storage and analytics
○
Security
○
Design
○
Environmental sustainability
○
Intentional obsolescence of devices
○
Confusing terminology
○
Criticism and Controversies
!
Lack of interoperability and unclear value
propositions
○
Privacy and security concerns
○
Traditional governance structures
○
Lack of solid business models
○
Adoption Barriers
!
#$$%&'(()*+,-.-%)/-0+123(,-.-(4*$)2*)$5165$#-*3&!
Read: Internet of Things (Wikipedia)
Small, portable robot must be affordable but also usable
!
$150
○
Uses video camera on devices to track you and
show emotion
○
Control the robot from moving him around
and adjust camera angles
!
Can express yourself through his emotions
!
Can connect him from any device and see robot's
view of the world
○
Completely intuitive
○
Do not need to be in same geographical location to
control him
○
Romo -uses your iPhone has his brain by leveraging the
power of the phone's processor
!
Can share over the internet so robots can learn from
each other --> personality
○
Robot as a manifestation of your own personality
○
Can create behaviour for the robot, simulate it in browser
and if you like it can download it onto the robot
!
Future of personal robotics is happening today
!
Watch: Mini robot-powered by your phone
stories can be told through data
!
by taking ownership of your data you can become the
expert or authority of your body
!
Power through person data collection
!
Watch: Own your body's data
Innovation out of necessity
!
Real innovation = problem solving
!
Ex. Payment system in Africa using SMS on cell phones
!
Atelum -medication: send code via SMS and it tells
you if it is expired
○
Gold of today is mobile
!
Solving the world's problems
○
Innovation over the edge: Africa is mobile-only
!
Watch: You don't need an app for that
Involves the network of physical objects, often
embedded with electronics, software, sensors and
connectivity to enable the objects to exchange data
to perform certain function
○
What is the Internet-of-Things?1.
The interactivities between household devices may
create more functions that the individual device may
not be able to provide
○
When the devices are connected and brought
to the awareness of the personal physician
remotely, a better and timely health care
might be provided
!
Ex. Multiple medical devices used by a consumer
may provide a more complete picture of the state of
health of the person
○
Describe the benefits of connecting consumer devices to
each other using the Internet?
2.
Questions:
Consumer Electronics and Media
7)/*)&/089: ;)<2=028:>?9:>@A? A'AB:CD
Document Summary
Describe design technologies using apps, hand-held devices and commercial computing-related products and their usage. Identify the motivating technology that facilitates these changes in consumer computing-related products. Describe briefly the design trade-offs, and the data flows from one phase of the algorithm to another. Examine and explain the issues and problems regarding the use of the internet-of-things and bluetooth technology. Analyze how the internet-of-things and bluetooth technology can connect many household products using the internet. Computing technologies have invaded the consumer markets in the forms of things such as smart tvs, refrigerators and other personal items. These consumer products may be connected as multiple devices on the web and exchange information using the internet to solve a problem. For example, a smart-house can incorporate devices that control different functioning of the house, in daily tasks such as cooking, temperature, humidity control, and door- and-window security.
