ECON 1050 Lecture : Economics-1 (1) (dragged) 4

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salmoneagle674

17 Sep 2016

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The supply of this good is perfectly elastic the supply curve is horizontal. When a tax is imposed on this good, buyers pay the entire tax. Taxes usually are levied on goods and services with an inelastic demand or an inelastic supply. Alcohol, tobacco, and gasoline have inelastic demand, so the buyers of these items pay most of the tax on them. Labour has a low elasticity of supply, so the seller the worker pays most of the income tax and most of the social security tax. Except in the extreme cases of perfectly inelastic demand or perfectly inelastic supply when the quantity remains the same, imposing a tax creates inefficiency. The figure shows the inefficiency created by a tax on mp3 players. With no tax, the marginal social benefit equals the marginal social cost and the market is efficient. Total surplus (the sum of consumer surplus and producer surplus) is maximized.

Related Questions

The market demand for gadgets is given by Q^d=100-3p, where Q^d is the quantity of gadgets demanded and p is the price of a gadget in dollars. The market supply is given byQ^s= p, where Q^s is the quantity of gadgets supplied. The production of gadgets releases a toxic effluent into the water supply. The marginal external cost can be described by MEC(Q)= 2Q.

a) Compute consumer surplus, producer surplus, and the cost of pollution at the market equilibrium.

b) Compute consumer surplus, producer surplus, and the cost of pollution at the social optimum.

c) Suppose the government is considering imposing a tax of $T per unit on the producers. Find the level of the tax that ensures the socially optimal amount of gadgets will be produced in a competitive equilibrium.

chocolategoose43

The market demand for gadgets is given byQD=100-3p , where QD is the quantity of gadgets demanded and p is the price of a gadget in dollars. The market supply is given byQ S=p , where QS is the quantity of gadgets supplied. The production of gadgets releases a toxic effluent into the water supply. The marginal external cost can be described by MEC Q=2Q. a) Compute consumer surplus, producer surplus and the cost pf pollution in the market equilibrium. b) Compute consumer surplus, producer surplus and the cost pf pollution in the social optimum. c) Suppose the government is considering imposing a tax of $T per unit on the producers. Find the level of the tax that ensures the socially optimal amount of gadgets will be produced in a competitive equilibrium.

marooncat628

The market for packets of cigarettes has been described by the following supply and demand functions:

Supply: P = 10 + 4Q Demand: P = 100 - 5Q where P is the price in dollars and Q is the quantity of packets of cigarettes per month (in thousands).

Part A) Construct a graph of supply and demand for this market showing all intercepts. What are the equilibrium prices and quantities? Show these on your graph.

Part B) At the market equilibrium price, what would be the total monthly revenue?

Part C) Calculate consumer surplus at the market equilibrium and indicate this surplus as an area on your diagram.

Part D) Calculate producer surplus at the market equilibrium and indicate this surplus as an area on your diagram.

Part E) Assume that a per-unit tax of $9.00 per packet of cigarettes is imposed by the government on the suppliers of cigarettes. Depict this on your demand and supply diagram. (Hint: the new tax inclusive supply function will be: P = 19 + 4Q). What is the new market equilibrium quantity? What price will consumers now pay and what price will suppliers now receive?

Part F) How much is the government revenue from the tax on suppliers?

Part G) Calculate consumer surplus and producer surplus after the imposition of the tax and any deadweight loss associated with the tax. Indicate these surplus and tax revenue areas on your diagram. Explain what the deadweight loss represents.

Part H) Now assume that instead of imposing a per-unit tax of $9.00 per pack on the suppliers of cigarettes the government decides to apply the same per-unit tax of $9.00 on consumers. Depict this on your demand and supply diagram. (Hint: the new tax inclusive demand function will be: P = 91 - 5Q) What is the new market equilibrium quantity? What price will consumers now pay and what price will suppliers now receive? (5 marks)

Part I) How much is the government revenue from the tax on consumers? (1 mark)

Part J) Who bears the greatest burden of the tax in each case, producers or consumers? Does your answer depend on whether the tax is levied on producers or consumers?

I am really having difficulty understanding Part J - can that please be answered with some detail?

carminewildebeest911

ECON 1050 Lecture : Economics-1 (1) (dragged) 4

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