ENVS 2210 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Trophallaxis, Parthenogenesis, Cell Type
7 Dec 2018
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Bees reproduce at the individual and colony levels. Colony level reproduction depends on the reproduction of individuals. Under normal conditions a colony has a single reproductive female, the queen. Most drone never mate in their lifetime. The workers will know the queen is there even if don"t see her, they there wouldn"t be queen cells. Under certain circumstances such as the sudden loss of the queen, or during swarming or supersedure the queen is replaced. Build queen cells during swarming, and queen supersedure. Need a young queen for the old colony. Queen emerges, fed, searches for rival queens and queen cells. Perforates and stings rivals in queen cells. After that, the workers will come clean up the corpse and the cell. If there is another queen emerged, they will fight until one is left. Drones develop from unfertilized eggs through the process of parthenogenesis. The only function of drones is to inseminate virgin queens.
