MBG 2400 Lecture 15: Genome Structure and Recombination
12 Jan 2017
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Central dogma: dna to rna to protein. In plants, genes are in nucleus, chloroplast, mitochondria; in animals, only in nucleus and mitochondria. Genes can interact with other genes to create more complex phenotypes. Base is the most common e. g. kilo base, mega base. Haploid set of chromosomes in a gamete. Plants have 3 genomes, animals have 2. Isolate dna, chop it up into small fragment, second generation sequencing. Takes about 100 days to print one genome out Did not follow moore"s law, which is the rate of improvement in computers. Repetitive dna is more like retrovirus and transposable element and is not associated with genes. Sharing or conservation related back to the ancestral genome. There are many ways of representing synteny by graphs. Karyotype - the physical features of chromosomes. 2 acrocentric (one end of the centromere) fusing together. Gene can undergo gene duplication and there are 2 fates. Accumulate mutations and this allow them to take slightly different functions.
