PSYC 1000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 15: Big Five Personality Traits, Hexaco Model Of Personality Structure, Nomothetic
14 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Wednesday, November 15, 2017
Final
Personality
When you try to figure out the people you know very well, you probably intuitively adopt
an ideographic approach- focusing on creating detailed descriptions of a specific
person’s unique personality characteristics.
Nomothetic approach- examine personality in large groups of people, with the aim of
making generalizations about personality structure.
Factor Analysis- used to group items that people respond to similarly.
-Ex: the words friendly, warm and kind have similar meanings and can be grouped in a
cluster, referred to as a factor.
The Five Factor Model: McCrae and Costa (1987)- a trait based theory of personality
based on finding that personality can be described using five major dimensions:
-Openness: creative, artistic, curious, imaginative, nonconforming
•low Os: conventional, down to earth
-Conscientiousness: ambitious, organized, reliable
•low Cs: unreliable, lazy, spontaneous
-Extraversion: social, enjoy high levels of stimulation
•Low es: reserved, enjoy low levels of stimulation
-Agreeableness: good-natured, trusting, supportive
•low as: rude, uncooperative, irritable, competitive
-Neuroticism: worried, insecure, anxiety-prone
•low ns: secure, emotionally stable
-HEXACO model of personality added another dimension: honest-humility.
-high HHs tend to be sincere, honest, faithful and modest
-low HHs tend to be deceitful, greedy and pompous
!1
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Wednesday, November 15, 2017
The Dark Triad- refers to the three traits- Machiavellian (manipulative), psychopathy
(shallow emotional responses) and narcissism (egotistical)- that describe a person who
is socially destructive, aggressive, dishonest and likely to commit harm in general.
Right Wing Authoritarianism- a highly problematic set of personality characteristics
that involve three key tendencies:
1. obeying orders and deferring to the established authorities in a society
2. Supporting aggression against those who dissent or differ from the established
social order
3. Believing strongly in maintaining the existing social order
Research confirms that infant temperament predicts the adult personality traits of
neuroticism, extraversion and conscientiousness. Three main temperaments were
identified:
-Well adjusted: self control, confident, not overly upset by new people or situations
-Under Controlled: impulsive, restless, distractible, emotionally volatile
•more likely to engage in externalizing behaviours (fighting, bullying, lying) and
internalizing behaviours (worrying, fussy, crying easily)
•as the child turns into an adult, they have relationship difficulties
-Inhibited: socially uncomfortable, fearful, easily upset by strangers
State- a temporary physical or psychological engagement that influences behaviour.
General aspects of situations that are most likely to influence our behaviour:
1. locations
2. Associations (family, alone, friends)
3. Activities (being rushed, studying, awake)
4. subjective states (mad, sick, drunk, happy)
Reciprocal Determinism- behaviour, internal (personal) factors and external
(situational) factors interact to determine one another. Personality is between the person
and the environment.
Western
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Wednesday, November 15, 2017
Educated
Industrialized
Rich
Democratic
Heine and Buchtel Personality
-Dependability
-social potency
-Individualism
-Interpersonal relatedness
To essentialize a cultural difference is to attribute that difference to something
fundamental to the cultures, some sort of basic difference between the “essences” of
each culture.
Individualistic people
-use more personal adjectives (“I am extraverted”; I have a good sense of humour)
-same personality across most situations
-more defensive
-emphasize their positive qualities
Collectivistic people
-tend to describe themselves more rationally, in terms of their connections other
people (“I am a son”, “I am a sister”)
-feels that you are who you are depends who you are with
-changeable to situation to situation
Genes
-many of our genes are polymorphic, meaning that there are different versions of the
same gene that lead to different physical or behavioural characteristics.
-two possible variations of the “serotonin transporter gene” have been identified: a
short copy and a long copy
!3
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Document Summary
When you try to gure out the people you know very well, you probably intuitively adopt an ideographic approach- focusing on creating detailed descriptions of a speci c person"s unique personality characteristics. Nomothetic approach- examine personality in large groups of people, with the aim of making generalizations about personality structure. Factor analysis- used to group items that people respond to similarly. Ex: the words friendly, warm and kind have similar meanings and can be grouped in a cluster, referred to as a factor. The five factor model: mccrae and costa (1987)- a trait based theory of personality based on nding that personality can be described using ve major dimensions: Openness: creative, artistic, curious, imaginative, nonconforming: low os: conventional, down to earth. Conscientiousness: ambitious, organized, reliable: low cs: unreliable, lazy, spontaneous. Extraversion: social, enjoy high levels of stimulation: low es: reserved, enjoy low levels of stimulation. Agreeableness: good-natured, trusting, supportive: low as: rude, uncooperative, irritable, competitive.
