SOAN 2111 Lecture Notes - Lecture 22: Catharine Macaulay, Putting-Out System, Social Enterprise
17 Dec 2017
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BRITISH ENLIGHTENMENT: SMITH, MACAULAY AND WOLLSTONECRAFT
I CONTEXT: INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
a) Intro to Industrial Revolution and other social forces in the development of sociological theory
b) Images of the Industrial Revolution and Discussion (Nisbett)
c) Utilitarianism
II ADAM SMITH (1723-1790)
a) Intro and works
III CATHERINE MACAULAY (1731-1791)
a) Intro
b) Literary Contributions
c) Contributions to Social Sciences
d) Overview
IV MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT (1759-1797)
a) Intro and background
b) Methodology
c) Ideas
I CONTEXT: INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
a) Industrial Revolution and other social forces in the development of sociological theory
•Most people saw their culture as fixed, that the world was determined by fate, discovery of the
new worlds, tensions between protestants and catholics, emergence of technology, science
•people became aware that their world was not an inevitable fate, but a society created by and
serving the interests of human beings.
Social Conditions and Political Revolutions
- had a great impact on the rise of sociological theory
The Industrial Revolution and Rise of Capitalism
- the most immediate factors to the development of sociological theory
Rise of Socialism
-Carl Marx criticized capitalism, to overthrow the capitalists
-Weber and Durhkeim were more interested in social reform
Religious Change
- Technology and science had an impact on religion
The Growth of Science
find more resources at oneclass.com
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The French Revolution & Industrial Revolution
(Nisbett – The Two Revolutions)
Words – rich period of word formation
• changes in methods of production began in England about 1760 and resulted in the replacement
of the domestic system of manufacturing by the factory system
• broad economic and social consequences resulted
b) The Themes of Industrialization – Images and Discussion
1) condition of labour
2) transformation of property
3) industrial city
4) technology
5) factory system
• science as a social enterprise begins with the Industrial Revolution
• power began to be democratized. Ordinary people sought a social equality
• effects of steam engine
•“Every man is master of his own salvation” (Brownownski)
The I.R. is one of a long train of changes starting around 1760 – it is not alone. It is one of a
triad of
revolutions of which the other two are the American Revolution that started in 1775, and the
French Revolution, starting in 1789
• Mozart – Marriage of Figaro (1786 – satire on politics of the time)
•art influences politics
c) Utilitarianism
• Utilitarianism is the view that any action is good if it leads to human happiness, and bad
if it stands in the way of happiness
• Utilitarian theory is commonly associated with atheism and immorality – or at
best with everyone –
for self-ethics. Still some of its originators were concerned with morality (McDonald)
The great dilemma lies in reconciling individual and social advantage
II ADAM SMITH (1723-1790)
a) Intro and Works
• machine model of society
• theory of functionalism
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
