SOC 1500 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Patriation, Official Statistics, Doxing

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The process of being shut out, from any of the social, economic, political, or cultural systems that determine the social integration of person into society (walker and walker, 1997:8: often related to citizenship. Social exclusion is multi-dimensional construct: poverty, gender, race, sexual orientation, etc. Homeless youths" circumstances often lead to crime: homeless youth who feel the most excluded are at the greatest risk for committing a crime. A group of individuals with identifiable leadership claiming control over territory and engaging either individually or collectively in violent or other forms of illegal behaviour (miller, 1975: 9) Often depicted as a race problem: black in toronto, asian or south asian in vancouver, aboriginal in prairies. Growth in american youth gangs attributed to: loss in inner-city working class jobs, rise in illegal drug trade. Paradoxically, many youth are initially attracted to gangs for protection: source of social support. Form of exclusion often based on race and ethnicity.

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