ANSC 313 Lecture Notes - Lecture 26: Broiler, Semen Quality, Quality Of Life
LECTURE 15!
!
Meat selection!
body weight!•
feed conversion!◦
carcass quality!•
1.5% fat ideal!◦
large breast heritability= 0.10!◦
survival/ livability!•
leg problems (when growing chicken really fast, the legs are not evolved to support the ◦
bigger body)!
flip-overs (can't right themselves after flipping over)!◦
!
negative correlated responses!
for 0.1lb in broiler weight at 8 weeks!
eggs degrease by 10%!•
hatchability decreases by 1.2%!•
survival decreases by 0.25%!•
!
Correlated responses!
to increasing egg number: !
age at 1st egg decreases by 0.35!•
body weight -0.20 ( smaller chicken)!•
egg weight -0.30!•
!
!
Turkeys!
similar selection to broiler chicken!•
but add in semen quality 9 select for semen quality)!•
all breeding via A.I.!•
!
Ducks!
most for meat as pure-breds!•
white peking!◦
white aylesbury !◦
!
Goose!
rare in north america!•
common in europe!•
Emden !◦
!
!
Pigs!
Pig source in Canada!
1983!•
company!◦
crossbred/ private ( bulk came from here)!◦
purebred/ private !◦
1996!•
company had 70% of the market!◦
2007!•
company had about 85-90% of market!◦
purebred/private had about 10-15% ( more of the rare breeds)!◦
!
Pig companies in 2015!
Hypor!•
was northern pig development!◦
then genex!◦
head office in regina!◦
PIC- pig improvement corporation!•
owned by England PIC!◦
a nucleus in kipling!◦
head office in winnipeg!◦
elite swine!•
fast genetics!•
!
!
Breeding company advantages!
large population!•
i.e. top 10% boars is heavily culling!◦
strict health rules!•
marketing and service!•
specialized lines!•
perhaps from several breeds!◦
most are white!◦
geneticist and/or specific testing !•
!
Single gene traits!
porcine stress syndrome!•
also causes "soft exudative pork"!◦
autosomal recessive!◦
DNA test for the ryanodine receipt gene replaced halothane test!◦
color!•
MC1R gene: red vs. black!◦
KIT responsible for: black spots!◦
white suede is desired!‣
example: polish spot ( has black spots)!‣
estrogen receptor ( ESR) gene!•
DNA marker for litter size!◦
improved litter size by about 2 pigs!◦
Prolactin receptor gene!•
DNA marker for litter size!◦
improved litter size but not as much ( maybe 1/2 a piglet per litter)!◦
Rendimenti Napoli (RN)!•
dominant allele!◦
decreases ham size ~8%!‣
increases lean ~1%!‣
proscuito ham = lean & dry italian ham!‣
AMPK ( activated protein kinase!◦
common allele in hampshire!‣
Document Summary
Meat selection body weight feed conversion carcass quality. 1. 5% fat ideal large breast heritability= 0. 10 survival/ livability leg problems (when growing chicken really fast, the legs are not evolved to support the bigger body) Ip-overs (can"t right themselves after ipping over) negative correlated responses for 0. 1lb in broiler weight at 8 weeks eggs degrease by 10% hatchability decreases by 1. 2% survival decreases by 0. 25% Correlated responses to increasing egg number: age at 1st egg decreases by 0. 35 body weight -0. 20 ( smaller chicken) egg weight -0. 30. Turkeys similar selection to broiler chicken but add in semen quality 9 select for semen quality) all breeding via a. i. Ducks most for meat as pure-breds white peking white aylesbury. Goose rare in north america common in europe. 1983 company crossbred/ private ( bulk came from here) purebred/ private. 2007 company had about 85-90% of market purebred/private had about 10-15% ( more of the rare breeds)
