ARCH 112 Lecture 12: Origins of Agriculture cont'd
27 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Pre-agricultural Developments in the Near East
The Fertile Crescent: A crescent shaped region extending
from the eastern Mediterranean coast of modern Israel,
Lebanon and Syria north into the Zagros Mountains and then
South toward the Persian Gulf in Iran and Iraq.
Earliest of state level communities
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Natufian: Collector type hunter gatherers who established
sedentary settlements in parts of the Near East after 15, 000
to 12,000 ya.
Didn’t make that switch to domestication of plant and
animals
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Found in Jordan
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Collector type hunter-gathers--collecting and storing
wild grains
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They had huge pits--used as storage for food surplus
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Had permanent dwellings
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Tools included grinding stones
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Lunates: Tiny crescent shaped stone tools
characteristic of the Natufian
Sickle polish
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Neolithic sites near east: 10,000 ya ?
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Domestication began about 8000 B.C in the Near East
Çatalhöyük is one of the oldest and largest complex
settlements in the Neolithic.
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(See Chapter 9, pages 337-341 for additional details about
Çatalhöyük).
Rectangular mud-brick building
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Around 8000 people living there, 200 found
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Build right up against each other
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www.catalhoyuk.com
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More egalitarian***
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They would be de-fleshed, and then buried underneath
their home floors
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Only ones buried with grave goods are babies
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Painted with elaborate scenes
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Found fish hooks, fired pottery, beads, and stone tools
(obsidian--type of volcanic glass)
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Near Eastern Domesticates include
Dog
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Wheat
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Barley
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Chickpeas
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Lentils
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Sheep
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Goat
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Pig
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Camel
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Pre-agricultural developments in Europe
Maglemosian: culture of the early Mesolithic (middle stone
age--comes before Neolithic--warming) period in Northern
Europe.
Stationary--sedentary life
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Middens: Archaeological sites or features within sites
formed largely by the accumulation of
domestic waste.
Huge quantities of shells
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Origins of Agriculture in Europe
Balkan Peninsula – 7000 B.C
Argissa
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Franchthi
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Central and Northern Europe – 5000 B.C.
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Linear Bandkeramik farming complex
Lived in permanent settlements with large, timber
structures
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Manufactured pottery known as Linear Bandkeramik
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www.youtube.com/watch?v=iNyDCh5E21s --Linear
Bandkeramik settlement Talheim, Germany
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European Domesticates include
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Not native to Europe, believe to be brought in--immigrants
migrated who brought new way of life with them
Dog
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Cattle
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Goat
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Barley
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Rye
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Wheat
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Discussion of the Consequences of Agriculture
Jared Diamond Article "The Worst Mistake in the History of
the Human Race"
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This article is required reading. A link to the article is posted
on the course page in PAWS.
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Jared
Diamond…
Origins of Agriculture cont'd
Wednesday, October 25, 2017
11:14 AM
Document Summary
The fertile crescent: a crescent shaped region extending from the eastern mediterranean coast of modern israel, Lebanon and syria north into the zagros mountains and then. South toward the persian gulf in iran and iraq. Natufian: collector type hunter gatherers who established sedentary settlements in parts of the near east after 15, 000 to 12,000 ya. Didn"t make that switch to domestication of plant and animals. They had huge pits--used as storage for food surplus. Lunates: tiny crescent shaped stone tools characteristic of the natufian. Domestication began about 8000 b. c in the near east. Atalh y k is one of the oldest and largest complex settlements in the neolithic. (see chapter 9, pages 337-341 for additional details about. They would be de-fleshed, and then buried underneath their home floors. Only ones buried with grave goods are babies. Found fish hooks, fired pottery, beads, and stone tools (obsidian--type of volcanic glass)
