BMSC 230 Lecture Notes - Dihydroxyacetone, Fructose, Phosphoglycerate Kinase
12 Oct 2012
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Document Summary
Due to conversion of galactose to galactitol. Lactose intolerance: lactose cannot be broken down into glucose and galactose. Ru5p + 2nadph + 2h + co2 (oxidative part) 2f6p + gly-3-p + 6nadph + 6h + 3co2. Exists in all animals, plants, fungi and micro-organisms. In animals, precursors are lactate, pyruvate, glycerol and most of the amino acids. In plants, stored fats and proteins are converted into the disaccharide sucrose. In micro-organisms, simple organic compounds like acetate, lactate and proprionate are converted to glucose. Mainly occurs in the liver and sometimes in the kidneys. If precursor is pyruvate (left side of diagram) Get energy from hydrolysis of atp from adp + pi. Oxaloacetate cannot be transported outside the mitochondria. Malate is transported across the mitochondrial membrane into cytosol. Malate is converted back to oxaloacetate (reversal of above reaction: malate is oxidized to oxaloacetate, nad+ is reduced to nadh (this production of nadh allows gluconeogenesis to operate)
