TOX 300 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Cleft Lip And Cleft Palate, Teratology, Thalidomide
Document Summary
Teratology = the study of the causes mechanisms and manifestations of developmental deviation of either structural or functional nature. Effect on function includes immune disorders and behavioural problems. Causes of malformations: 25% - genetic or chromosomal factors, 10% - known environmental factors, 65% - unknown. 60% of pregnancy end in early death (before the mother even knows that they are pregnant) Nutritional causes mother is nutritionally deficient w/ somthing. Toxic causes (though this has a low occurrence) Principles of teratology there are 6 of them. Susceptibility to teratogenesis depends on the genotype of the conceptus and the manner in which it interacts w/ adverse environmental factors. There are 2 factors: gene intrinsic, environment e(cid:454)tri(cid:374)si(cid:272) (cid:894)(cid:373)other"s e(cid:374)(cid:448)iro(cid:374)(cid:373)e(cid:374)t or the a(cid:373)(cid:271)ie(cid:374)t e(cid:374)(cid:448)iro(cid:374)(cid:373)e(cid:374)t(cid:895) There"s a(cid:374) i(cid:374)tera(cid:272)tio(cid:374) (cid:271)/(cid:449) ge(cid:374)es a(cid:374)d the e(cid:374)(cid:448)iro(cid:374)(cid:373)e(cid:374)t. Differences b/w rats and humans: absorption, metabolic, excretion, structural differences (e. g. placenta of a human vs. placenta of a dog) For humans, peak time of susceptibility is day 30.
