AFM274 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Capital Market, Arbitrage, Kroger

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greenbeaver924

2 Sep 2020

School

University of Waterloo

Department

Accounting & Financial Management

Course

AFM274

Professor

Tu Nyguen

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Document Summary

Chapter 17 - capital structure in a perfect market. Let d denote market value of the firm"s debt and e denote market value of the firm"s equity. Cost of equity (re): expected rate of return on the firm"s common shares. This return can be in the form of dividends and/or capital gains. Since re cannot be directly observed, it has to be estimated. The current dividend of d0, estimated constant growth rate of g per period, the stock price p0 is: Another way is to use the capital asset pricing model (capm): where rf is the risk-free interest rate, rm is the expected return on the "market portfolio", and e is beta of the firm"s equity. Cost of debt (rd): expected return on the firm"s debt, which is usually assumed to be the rate of interest paid. If a firm has preferred shares worth p and expected rate of return of rp: Leverage: referring to the use of borrowed money.

Related Questions

Weighted Average Cost of Capital

A firm has determined its optimal capital structure, which is illustrated by the information below.

Source of Capital (Target Market Proportions)

Long term debt (20%)

Preferred Stock (10)

Common Stock Equity (70)

To expand operations, the firm is considering the following sources of financing its capital expenses:

Debt -The firm can sell 12-year, 1,000 par value bond paying a 7% annual coupon for $960. To issue the bond the firm will have to pay bond issuance or flotation cost of 2 percent of the face value of the bond.

Preferred Stock- the firm has determined that it can issue preffered stock at a par value price of $75 per share. The stock will pay $10 annual dividend. The cost of issuing and selling the stock is $3 per share.

Common Stock: A firms common stock is currently selling for $18 per share. The dividend expected to be paid at the end of the coming year is $1.74. The firms dividends have been growing at a constant rate of 4% per year for the last four years and are expected to sustain that growth rate thereafter.

New common stock issue- if the firm decides to issue new common stock, its underwriter indicated that the issue will have to be underpriced by $1 below the current share price. Further, the firm will have to pay $1 per share in issuance or floatation cost.

Additionaly, the firms marginal corporate tax rate is 40 percent.

(Given the information above)

A) find the firms before-tax cost of debt financing

B) find the firms after-tax cost of debt financing

C) find the firms cost of preffered stock financing

D) find the firms cost of financing using the retained earnings

e) find the firms cost of financing using a new common stock issue

f)find the firms weighted average cost of capital, if the firm uses debt, preffered stock and retained earnings to finance its investments. Given this result, explain what rate of return the firm should require from its investors.

g) Find the firms weighted average cost of capital, if the firm uses debt, preffered stock, retained earnings, and new stock issue to finance its investments. Given this results, explain what rate of return the firm should require from its investments.

turquoiseelephant380

F2 Q4-5

In a world with taxes and bankruptcy costs, and in which interest on debt is tax deductible, if a firm has some debt:

a. The return on equity is less than the weighted average cost of capital (WACC).

b. The return on equity is greater than the weighted average cost of capital (WACC).

c. The relationship between return on equity and the WACC cannot be determined because it depends on several factors.

In the real world, where there are taxes and interest on debt is tax deductible, if two firms have the same cash flows as each other in all possible scenarios in the future, the returns on equity of the two firms will:

a. Will depend on the capital structures adopted by the firms.

b. Will depend on the capital structures adopted by the firms and the valuation method used.

c. Always be equal to each other.

d. Will depend on the method of valuation used.

F2 Q1-5

The return on equity of a typical firm may change over time because of changes in business and economic conditions, but it is unlikely to change based on the financing or capital structure of the firm.

a. False.

b. True.

Your firm has been plodding along without much attention from the stock market. Your boss insists that he can (a) increase the return on assets to shareholders by taking on more debt, and (b) attract new investors to the firm due to the higher returns.

a. False.

b. Partly true, partly false.

c. True.

Even in a world with no frictions â that is, taxes, costs of bankruptcy, asymmetric information â debt will always be preferred because cost of debt is always lower than cost of equity for a firm.

a. True.

b. False.

c. Partly true, partly false.

In a world with taxes and bankruptcy costs, and in which interest on debt is tax deductible, if a firm has some debt:

a. The return on equity is less than the weighted average cost of capital (WACC).

b. The return on equity is greater than the weighted average cost of capital (WACC).

c. The relationship between return on equity and the WACC cannot be determined because it depends on several factors.

a. Will depend on the capital structures adopted by the firms.

b. Will depend on the capital structures adopted by the firms and the valuation method used.

c. Always be equal to each other.

d. Will depend on the method of valuation used.

AFM274 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Capital Market, Arbitrage, Kroger

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