BIOL130 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: G Protein–Coupled Receptor, Protein Kinase A, G Protein
13 Dec 2016
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Document Summary
Communicating with multiple cells in the organism. How animal cells use extracellular signal molecules to communicate with one another. Endocrine: most public, like broadcasting it all over, hormones produced in endocrine glands are secreted into the bloodstream and are distributed widely throughout the body, long distance. Paracrine: signals are released by cells into the extracellular fluid in their neighborhood and act locally, act as local mediators, short distance. Neuronal: signals are transmitted electrically along a nerve cell axon. When this electrical signal reaches the nerve terminal, it causes the release of neurotransmitters onto adjacent target cells: long distance, a long distance but the message is sent to a specific location, unlike endocrine where it is broadcasted". Contact-dependent signaling: a cell-surface-bound signal molecule binds to a receptor protein on an adjacent cell, no signal released, instead has direct contact with the cell. The function depends on the target gene expression.
