BIOL354 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Cell Nucleus, Covalent Bond, Lead
5 Jun 2020
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Class a metals: complex with o > n > s. The order of preference : they are oxygen-seeking . Eg. ca2+, al3+, mg2: associate with the following functional groups. Carboxyls (-cooh), carbonyls (-c=o), alcohols (-oh), phosphates: molecules they target include. Less toxic than class b in general and tend to form ionic bonds as opposed to covalent. Class b metals: complex with s > n >> o. Order of preference: they are sulfur or nitrogen-seeking . Eg. cu2+, hg2+, zn2+, cd2+, pb2: associate with the following functional groups. Sulphydryls (-sh2), disulphides (-s-s-), thioethers (-s-r), and amines (-nh2: molecules they target include. Free nucleotides: tend to be more toxic than class a and form covalent bonds, they target the amine groups. Metals occurrence: because metals are naturally occurring human activity has contributed to the increase in metal levels in the environment.
