EARTH121 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Foraminifera, Sedimentary Structures, Diatom
1 Jun 2016
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Solid (solidified minerals crystals are carried in the melt) Liquid ( the melt itself is composed of mobile ions. Magma only forms in special tectonic settings - partial melting occurs in the crust and upper mantle. Melting is called by (1) pressure release - drop pressure creates a melt (mantle plumes, beneath rifts, under mid-ocean ridges) (2) bolatile addition (3) heat transfer. * igneous activity occurs in four plate-tectonic settings. Magma is less dense than the surrounding rock, making it more buoyant, and it rises. Also, the pressure on top, (forced) pushes the magma up on the sides and areas that are free of pressure. Provides the raw material for soil, atmosphere, ocean (may even be the contributor and beginning of the rock cycle) Shallow flows lose heat more rapidly; cool quickly. (2) shape/size spherical bodies cool slowly; tabular faster. (larger cools slower, smaller faster. Sphere cools slower than a tabular shape. etc) (3) grown water circulating water removes heat.
