EARTH232 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Igneous Rock, Intrusive Rock, Clay Minerals
26 Aug 2016
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Document Summary
Fine grained aphanitic: extrusive (volcanic) rock rapidly cooled. Light vs dark igneous rocks for both intrusive and extrusive categories: sedimentary rocks. Rocks formed from the lithification of unconsolidated material/ precipitate of chemical solutions. Detrital/clastic sediment (results from physical weathering of rock) Clay minerals produced from chemical alteration of minerals (ex. Broken down material transported by agents of erosion (wind, water,ice) and deposited as sediments in lakes/oceans. These are compacted and lithified overtime to become rock: subdivided on basis of clast size. Chemical sedimentary rocks: formed by precipitation from solution. Can originate from organic matter (fossils) biochemical: ex. Precipitation of carbonate shells, coal: metamorphic rock. Physical and chemical changes to a rock in solid state (differentiates from igneous) Metasomatism: metamorphic alteration of rocks in the presence of a fluid. Diagenesis is the chemical and physical changes affecting sediments as soon as they are deposited and continues even after sedimentary rocks form.
