HLTH101 Lecture : TOPIC 8.docx
Document Summary
Topic 8: innate factors in the human body and health: genetic diseases. Nitrogenous bases > nucleic acids > genes > proteins > phenotype: nucleic acids there are 2 nucleic acids, deoxyribonucleic acid (dna, ribonucleic acid (rna) Genes are the basic entity of hereditary information. Genetic code: sequences of the nitrogenous bases described above. 3 adjacent bases form a codon: each codon codes for a specific amino acid, thus, there are 64 possible codons. However, there are 20 common amino acids therefore, there is usually more than one codon for each amino acid. Note: all genetic activity occurs within the cell. Tissues > organs > organ systems > individual > group/society: chromosomes. Genetic material is contained in a substance called chromatin: the chromatin forms discrete units (called chromosomes) prior to cell division. No mitochondrial dna from the sperm is transmitted to the egg, so each individual receives their mitochondrial dna only from their mother: alleles.