BIOL 111 Lecture 2: Biology as a Science
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Control group : allows you to isolate the variable and test the effects test group. ::3::s confirmation bias : tendency to view results according to predictions. Observational studies used when manipulation of subjects is not possible or ethical ( ex. Smoking s effect on lung cancer ) no control group , conditions are less controlled. Observations question hypothesis prediction testing typically if when. Statement the independent variable ( what you"re testing ) goes on. X - axis the dependent variable goes on y - axis. Standard deviation measure of the dispersion of data how scattered the individual data points are from the mean value scientific graphs have error bars which indicate standard error or standard deviation p. Value the probability you "d get the same results if you "re hypothesis is wrong ; the probability of being wrong p - values are generally accepted as statistically. Secondary scientific literature newspaper reviewed and peer a.
