BIOL 200 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Prophage, Metal Resistance, Mhc Class I Polypeptide-Related Sequence B
Document Summary
Genome the physical dna possessed by an organism that specifies its characteristics. The orga(cid:374)is(cid:373)"s (cid:272)hro(cid:373)oso(cid:373)al dna + a(cid:374)y other (cid:272)ellular dna. 16 chromosome pairs = 32 chromosomes located in nucleus. Diploid: 2 copies of each nuclear gene. Chromosome means something different in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Eukaryotic chromosome is defined as dna-protein complex located in the nucleus. Prokaryotic chromosome is defined as the dna component of the nucleoid. Usually genome = 1 large dna circular dsdna = chromosome/cell. Some prokaryotes have additional smaller circles of dsdna. Could be a plasmid or a prophage. Plasmids and prophage are part of orga(cid:374)is(cid:373)"s ge(cid:374)o(cid:373)e. Copy number/cell: 1 to >20 copies due to replication properties. Do not carry genes essential for viability under all environmental conditions. Carry genes that give an organism some useful abilities that can help it survive under certain environmental conditions. Have genes encoding proteins conferring ability on host to metabolize exotic chemicals.
