CHEM 123 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Negative Number, Exothermic Process, Enthalpy
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CHEM 123 Full Course Notes
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Note: entropy, second law of thermodynamics, third law. Positive change increase in disorder, less order: temperature increase of substance, moves more rigorously, evolving system (g from solid, solid liq/aq, liq/solid gas. Increase number of gas molecules happen happen spontaneously. Spontaneous will continue once started without external action. Nonspontaneous will not occur unless an external action is continuously applied. *change in suniverse has to be equal or greater than 0. S of an isolated system increases @spontaneous change. Ex: h20 freezing at t = -5 degrees c. Reason: h20 freezes on its own at t = -5. A set of positions and energies of the individual molecules in a thermodynamic system. S = k*ln(w) k=boltzmann"s constant (1. 38 x 10^-23 j/k) Change in h^0 f: measuring q and w, heat capacity, enthalpy, enthalpy, hess" law. H measured when 1 moles of desired molecule formed via elements in their standard states (who depends on the state of aggregation)
