GEOG 122 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: The Communist Manifesto, Cronyism, Mass Distribution
Document Summary
Definition: an interlocking set of social, economic, political and cultural processes and relationships associated with the european view of a modern society. This view was developing from the c17, until by the mid c20 it was widely regarded as a global norm to which all states would advance. The basic package: european enlightenment of 18c; reason over tradition; Improvement" the goal; belief in human progress; achieved through science and technology; secularism and separate spheres of the market, government, religion. In government: from monarchy to (eventual) democracy, peacefully or through revolution; from cronyism to bureaucracy. Expansion of democracy and citizenship rights, including a people"s right to self determination, leading to the nation state, and 20c achievement of the welfare state. In economic organisation: power of the market: the 19c industrial revolution, division of labour, factory system, mass production, urbanisation. Regional & international trade, the latter aided by colonialism, the expansion of europe overseas.
