PHAR 441 Lecture Notes - Lecture 12: Insulin Glulisine, Nph Insulin, Regular Insulin
10 Dec 2016
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Document Summary
Delay, arrest, or prevention of the long term complications of diabetes by maintaining euglycemia. Absorption of insulin from sc tissues is slow. Compared standard (1-2 injections of insulin/day) and intensive (3-4 insulin injections/day with sc insulin infusion via pumps and frequent bg monitoring) Intensive reduced hba1c, and decreased incidence of retinopathy, proteinuria, microalbuminuria, and neuropathy. Reducing fpg or hba1c to any extent has benefit. Tight glucose control should be maintained for life. Check for nocturnal hypoglycemia once per week 3am reading > 4. 1 mmol/l. Check bg at least 3 times daily, after meals, and hs. More rational control of blood glucose with ability to adjust insulin doses to changes in diet, activity, illness. Increases episodes of severe hypoglycemia (bg < 2. 5 mmol/l) can result in altered consciousness, coma, death treated with 20 g glucose (sugar, honey, candy, orange juice, glucose tablets, glucagon) Sx of hypoglycemia: sweating, anxiousness, tachycardia, hunger, headache, impaired vision, shaky, irritable, fatigue.
