POLI 260 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Battle Of Verdun, Trench Warfare, Sulfur Mustard
Document Summary
Key political actors in international systems: empires (sumarian, egyptian, greek, roman, chinese, ottoman, british, soviet, City states: ancient greece polis: athens vs. sparta, renaissance italy. Feudalism: medieval europe: overlapping authority claims, owe allegiance to holy roman emperor, pope, king, nobles, knight, guilds. State system (peace of westphalia, 1648 -> present) Air raids on civilians aka strategic bombing . Somme, 1916: 6 days artillery, 1. 6million shells, july 1: 57,470 british casualties, 19240 dead, by november, 125 sq. miles, of a million brit/fr losses. Political importance: fall of empires: ottoman, a-h, russian revolution, rise of us, decline of british = inter-war power vacuum , sowed seeds of wwii, boundaries that are source of conflict today (africa, middle east, lessons of war. Heir to a-h empire, archduke ferdinand, assassinated in sarajevo june 28, 1914. July 29, 1914: a-h, encouraged by germany, declares war on serbia. July 31, 1914: the kaiser sends the czar an ultimatum: germany would be forced to mobilize if.
