ECON1013 Lecture 11: macro_11

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26 Jun 2016

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Equilibrium gdp changes in response to changes in the investment schedule or to changes in the consumption schedule. because investment spending is less stable than the consumption schedule, this chapter"s focus will be on investment changes. Figure 10-1 shows the impact of changes in investment. suppose investment spending rises (due to a rise in profit expectations or to a decline in interest rates). Figure 10-1 shows the increase in aggregate expenditures from (c + Ig)0 to (c + ig)1. in this case, the billion increase in investment leads to a billion increase in equilibrium gdp. Conversely, a decline in investment spending of billion is shown to create a decrease in equilibrium gdp of billion to billion. A billion change in investment led to a billion change in. Gdp. this result is known as the multiplier effect. Multiplier = change in real gdp / initial change in spending. in our example m = 4.

Related Questions

Question 1

Which of the following describes the relationship between the change in inventories and aggregate expenditure?

A.	Aggregate expenditure equals the change in inventories minus GDP.
B.	The change in inventories equals GDP divided by aggregate expenditures.
C.	Aggregate expenditures equals GDP divided by the change in inventories.
D.	Aggregate expenditures equals GDP minus the change in inventories.
E.	The change in inventories equals GDP multiplied by aggregate expenditure.

1 points

Question 2

Suppose the marginal propensity to consume is 0.80 and taxes decrease by $10 billion. Which of the following is true?

A.	Disposable income and consumption fall by $10 billion
B.	Disposable income and consumption rise by $10 billion
C.	Disposable income rises by $10 billion and consumption rises by $8 billion
D.	Disposable income falls by $10 billion and consumption falls by $8 billion
E.	Disposable income rises by $10 billion and consumption falls by $8 billion

1 points

Question 3

If aggregate expenditure at a particular level of income is less than output,

A.	output will increase
B.	output will decrease
C.	output will remain the same
D.	output will rise slightly and then level off
E.	we cannot determine what will happen to output

1 points

Question 4

The consumption function

A.	illustrates the relationship between real disposable income and real consumption spending
B.	illustrates the relationship between the price level and real consumption spending
C.	is the relationship between productivity and real consumption spending
D.	shows how real consumption increases when real disposable income decreases
E.	illustrates the relationship between real consumption spending and employment

1 points

Question 5

The focus of the short-run macro model is on the role of

A.	spending in explaining economic fluctuations
B.	labor in explaining economic fluctuations
C.	financial markets in explaining economic fluctuations
D.	output in explaining economic fluctuations
E.	resources in explaining economic fluctuations.

1 points

Question 6

If the output level is such that the aggregate expenditure line lies below the 45-degree line, which of the following is true?

A.	Aggregate expenditure is greater than output, so inventories will increase and output will be raised.
B.	Aggregate expenditure is greater than output, so inventories will decrease and output will be increased.
C.	Aggregate expenditure is less than output, so inventories will decrease and output will be raised.
D.	Aggregate expenditure is less than output, so inventories will increase and output will be lowered.
E.	Aggregate expenditure is greater than output, so inventories will increase and output will be lowered.

1 points

Question 7

If the marginal propensity to consume is 0.7, the expenditure multiplier is

A.	7.0
B.	0.7
C.	3.0
D.	3.3
E.	not determinable without additional information.

1 points

Question 8

Aggregate expenditure is the sum of

A.	all types of spending by households and firms
B.	spending and savings by households
C.	spending by households and governments on final goods and services
D.	spending by households, government, firms, and foreigners on final goods and services
E.	all spending and saving by households, firms, and governments

1 points

Question 9

If the marginal propensity to consume is 0.5 and disposable income increases by $10,000, by how much will consumption spending increase?

A.	$10,000
B.	$500
C.	$50
D.	$5,000
E.	$9,524

1 points

Question 10

When real consumption expenditure is plotted against real disposable income the resulting relationship is

A.	very weak.
B.	virtually flat .
C.	positive and very close to linear.
D.	negative and very close to linear.

indigognu668

5. Suppose the U.S. Congress passes a budget which increases individual income

taxes by $120 billion and increases infrastructure spending (airports, roads,

bridges, etc.) by $50 billion. The increase in income taxes is concentrated at the top,

so the tax increase causes personal consumption expenditures to fall by only $30

billion. Use this information to answer the questions below. (20 pts)

a. At constant interest rates (âother things equalâ), what would these policy

changes do to national saving and domestic investment spending?

Change in S =

Change in I =

b. Closed economy analysis: Assuming the U.S. financial system is closed to

international financial flows, draw an S/I diagram to illustrate the effect of

these policy changes on (1) U.S. interest rates and (2) the quantity of domestic

investment spending. Incorporate your numerical answers from part (a) into

your diagram.

c. Open economy analysis: Now assume that the U.S. financial system is open

and that the U.S. is small enough in the global financial system that you can

ignore the effect of these policy changes on global interest rates. Draw an S/I

diagram to illustrate the effect of the policy changes on (1) U.S. net capital

flows and (2) domestic investment spending. When drawing your diagram,

assume that the U.S. would have had net capital inflow without the policy

changes.

Consider an economy in which taxes, planned investment, government spending on goods and services, and net exports are autonomous, but consumption and planned investment change as the interest rate changes. You are given the following information concerning autonomous consumption, the marginal propensity to consume, planned investment, government purchases of goods and services, and net exports:

Ca = 1,500 - 10r c = 0.6 Ip = 2,400 - 50r G = 2,000 T = 1,800 NX = -200

a. Compute the value of the marginal propensity to save.

b. Compute the amount of autonomous planned spending, Ap, given that the interest rate equals 5.

c. Compute the equilibrium level of income, given that the interest rate equals 5.

d. Suppose that autonomous consumption changes by 4 percent of any change in household wealth and that the decline in the housing market in 2006-07 and drop in the stock market in the summer of 2007 reduces household wealth by $750 billion. Compute the decrease in autonomous consumption that results from the decline in household wealth.

e. Calculate the new amount of autonomous planned spending, Ap, and the new equilibrium level of income, given that the interest rate equals 5.

f. Using your answers to parts c-e, compute the value of the multiplier.

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ECON1013 Lecture 11: macro_11

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